LaML XML Specification

What is LaML?

Simple LaML document example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Say>Welcome to SignalWire!</Say>
</Response>

LaML is the language used by SignalWire to determine how the phone numbers in your account react during calls or text messages. When a call or message comes into one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire makes an HTTP request to the URL endpoint you configured for that number. Your response to that request instructs SignalWire on what to do next.

Responses to the HTTP request are in an XML format we call LaML. LaML allows you to specify instructions using simple LaML commands called verbs. SignalWire starts at the top of your LaML document and executes your LaML commands in order, from top to bottom.

How LaML works

When an message or call is received by one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire lookup the URL endpoint you configured for that phone number and make an HTTP request to it. The URL endpoint then responds to the request with a LaML document that determines what to do next.

SignalWire will read the instructions in the LaML document, from top to bottom, and execute the commands in order.

You can generate and respond with raw XML yourself, or utilize one of the SignalWire helper libraries to help you generate it easily.

Outbound calls and messages started via the LaML REST API are controlled the same way. When you start an outbound call or message, you also pass a link to a LaML document. SignalWire will make a request to this document to determine how it should proceed with the call or message.

While a single LaML document is executed at a time, many documents can be linked together and generated dynamically to create complex applications to fit any need.

LaML Syntax

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- All responses must contain the Response element -->
<Response>
  <!-- Say and Dial are examples of Verbs -->
  <Say>Connecting you...</Say>
  <Dial>
    <!-- Number is an example of a Dial Noun -->
    <Number>+15551234567</Number>
  </Dial>
</Response>

LaML is XML-based and consists of the following elements:

the <Response> element -- tag defining the body of the LaML document
verb -- an XML tag denoting the action that you want SignalWire to take
noun -- the item for the action specified in the associated verb

Response Element

The root element of all LaML documents is a <Response> tag. All messaging verbs in a document must be nested within a single <Response> element, and each document can only have a single one.

Empty Response

Empty response example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response></Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse

response = VoiceResponse()

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new

puts response.to_s

When an incoming SMS, MMS, or call to a SignalWire phone number is received, SignalWire will automatically respond with the proper LaML directions to handle those incoming messages. Even if no actions are required to handle these messages, a <Response> must be used. To receive incoming messaging without requiring further actions, respond with <Response></Response>.

Verbs

A verb identifies the action to take.

Verbs are executed sequentially, so one instruction must complete fully before the next one is executed. Some verbs have optional attributes that can override the flow of execution, allowing you to dynamically change what happens based on events within the call.

All verbs are case sensitive, so calling <ThisAction> is different from calling <thisaction>.

Voice Verbs

The following verbs cause the specified action to take place during the call:

Verb	Action
`<Dial>`	Initiates a call to another phone number.
`<Gather>`	Collects input from the remote number, either as pressed digits or as speech.
`<Play>`	Plays an audio file in the call.
`<Record>`	Records and saves the audio in the call.
`<Say>`	Reads the supplied text into the call.
`<Stream>`	Streams a call to a websocket.

The following verbs control what happens to the call itself:

Verb	Action
`<Enqueue>`	Place the call into a queue.
`<Hangup>`	Disconnect the call.
`<Leave>`	Remove the call from the queue it is currently in.
`<Pause>`	Wait before continuing to execute further instructions.
`<Redirect>`	Stop executing the instructions in this LaML document, and start executing those in another specified document.
`<Refer>`	Send SIP REFER to transfer the call from SignalWire control
`<Reject>`	Decline an incoming call.

Messaging Verbs

The following verbs are used to manage messages and responses:

Verb	Action
`<Message>`	Sends a message to another phone number.
`<Redirect>`	Stop executing the instructions in this LaML document, and start executing those in another specified document.

Fax Verbs

The following verbs are used to manage faxes:

Verb	Action
`<Receive>`	Receives an incoming fax.
`<Reject>`	Rejects an incoming fax.

Nouns

An example of using a <Conference> noun within a <Dial> verb:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference>my-example-conference</Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('my-example-conference')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('my-example-conference');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("my-example-conference");
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('my-example-conference')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('my-example-conference')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

A noun is what the verb uses to complete its action. Placed inside a verb tab, it can be the text that is read in a call, or other XML or LaML elements that represent the target of the action, such as Conference or Number.

Each verb has its own set of supported nouns. See the documentation for a specific verb for more details.

Data Formats

Dates and Times

All dates and times in requests to and from SignalWire LaML API are UTC, and presented in RFC 2822 format.

For example, the date and time of 8:01 AM CDT on July 23rd, 2018 is presented as: Mon, 23 Jul 2018 13:01:00 +0000

Phone Numbers

All phone numbers in requests to or from the SignalWire LaML API are in E.164 format, an unambiguous general format for specifying international phone numbers. Numbers in this format start with a plus sign ("+") and the country code.

For example, a US-based phone number like (555) 123-4567 would be formatted like: +15551234567.

If a number cannot be represented in E.164 format, then SignalWire uses the raw Caller ID string that was received.

Voice LaML

Voice LaML is a set of actions defined in an XML document you can use to tell SignalWire what to do when you receive an incoming call or instructions for outbound calls.

Overview

When a call is made to one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire looks up the Voice LaML document from the URL you configured, and reads the instructions you provided to determine what to do.

Voice LaML allows you to dynamically control what happens, responding with specific instructions based on the caller, time of day, incoming call, and much more.

Request for LaML

SignalWire makes an HTTP request to your configured endpoint just like a regular web form submission (POST) or page load (GET). The request includes contextual information about the call, allowing you to respond dynamically and fluidly to the call to meet the needs of your application.

You can configure the endpoint URL and HTTP Method in your phone number settings panel on your SignalWire dashboard, or via the REST API.

Request Parameters

SignalWire sends the following parameters, as either URL query parameters or POST parameters, to your endpoint when it receives a call:

Parameter
`CallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call.
`AccountSid` string	The unique ID of the Account this call is associated with.
`From` string	The phone number that sent this call, in E.164 format.
`To` string	The phone number of the call recipient, in E.164 format.
`CallStatus` string	The status of the call. Can be one of the following values: ringing, in-progress, queued, failed, busy, no-answer, or completed.
`ApiVersion` string	The version of the SignalWire API. Incoming calls use the API version placed on the number called. Outgoing calls use the version of the REST API request.
`Direction` string	An identifier to describe the direction of the call: outbound-dial: calls launched through the `<Dial>` verb outbound-api: calls launched through the REST API inbound: for inbound calls
`ParentCallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call that created this call.

CallStatus Values

The following are the possible CallStatus parameter values. These are also used in <Dial>'s DialCallStatus:

Value
`ringing`	The call is ringing.
`in-progress`	The call was answered and is in progress.
`queued`	The call is ready and in line to initiate.
`failed`	The call could not be completed. Usually occurs when phone number does not exist.
`busy`	The caller encountered a busy signal.
`no-answer`	The call ended without an answer.
`completed`	The call was answered and ended normally.
`canceled`	The REST API canceled the call while it was ringing or queued.

Responding to SignalWire

An example of a LaML document that reads a message to the caller before playing an audio file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>Hello, World!</Say>
    <Play>https://your-application.com/audio.mp3</Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Hello, World!')
response.play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Hello, World!');
  $response->play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Hello, World!");
        response.Play(new Uri("https://your-application.com/audio.mp3"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Hello, World!')
response.play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'Hello World!')
  response.play(url: 'https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
end

puts response.to_s

When a message comes into one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire makes an HTTP request to the URL endpoint you configured for that number. Your response to that request instructs SignalWire on what to do next.

Responses to the HTTP request are in LaML. SignalWire starts at the top of your LaML document and executes your LaML commands in order, from top to bottom.

LaML verbs and their attributes are case sensitive, so using <play> instead of <Play> will result in an error.

Status Callbacks

SignalWire can send your application callbacks at various lifecycle stages of your call. Status callbacks do not allow you change the application execution directly, so callbacks do not have to respond with LaML, but they allow your application to get updates as a call is happening.

You should respond to any callbacks with a 200 OK or 204 No Content, otherwise you will see failures in your application log on SignalWire.

The StatusCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters plus the following optional parameters:

Parameter
`CallbackSource` string	The source of the status callback.
`CallDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the finished call. Only present on the `completed` event.
`Timestamp` string	The timestamp, in RFC 2822 format, of when the event occurred.

<Denoise>

The <Denoise> verb enables or disables noise reduction for call audio inbound to SignalWire. Reduce noise on calls before dialing into a conference or forwarding to another number.

Verb Attributes

Attribute

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Denoise>.

Examples

Enable Noise Reduction

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Denoise>on</Denoise>
    <Dial><Sip>sip:user@example.com;transport=udp</Sip></Dial>
</Response>

This illustrates enabling noise reduction on an inbound phone call prior to forwarding the call.

Disable Noise Reduction

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Denoise>off</Denoise>
    <Record timeout="5" transcribe="true"/>
</Response>

This illustrates disabling noise reduction prior to recording and transcribing.

<Dial>

The <Dial> verb connects an existing call to another phone number. <Dial> will end this new call if: the called number does not answer, the number does not exist, or SignalWire receives a busy signal.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes in an absolute URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL after the dialed call ends. If no `action` is provided, SignalWire will continue to the next verb in the document. SignalWire will end the call if there are no more verbs following the `<Dial>` verb in the document. See below for request parameters.
`answerOnBridge` optional	If set to true, the inbound call will ring until the number that was dialed answers the call. If the inbound call is a SIP call, SignalWire will send a 180 or 183 to your SIP server as soon as it connects to SignalWire. When the `<Dial>` call is connected, a 200 will be sent. Default value is false.
`callerId` optional	The inbound caller's phone number, which is displayed to the number that was dialed. The caller ID must be a valid E.164 number. Note that the number specified here must either be verified or purchased in the SignalWire dashboard.
`hangupOnStar` optional	The initiator of the call can hangup on the dialed number by using the `` key. Default value is false*.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`record` optional	The `record` attribute allows the ability to record both legs of a call. Recordings are available as mono-channel or dual-channel. See below for a detailed explanation of these channels. Default value is `do-not-record`.
`recordingStatusCallback` optional	The `recordingStatusCallback` attribute takes in an absolute or relative URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL when recording is available. Default value is `POST`. See below for request parameters.
`recordingStatusCallbackEvent` optional	The different recording statuses. Possible values are `completed`, `in-progress`, and `absent`. To specify multiple events, separate with a space. Defaults to `completed`.
`recordingStatusCallbackMethod` optional	Whether the request to `recordingStatusCallback` URL is a `GET` or a `POST`. Default is `POST`.
`recordingStorageUrl` optional	The `recordingStorageUrl` attribute accepts an absolute URL as the destination to send a recording to, if you prefer to host your own recordings and bypass SignalWire storage. The recording files are in `.wav` format.
`recordingStorageUrlMethod` optional	Specifies which HTTP verb to use when sending the recording to the `recordingStorageUrl`. Available values are: POST and PUT. Defaults to POST.
`recordingTrack` optional	Specifies whether to record the `inbound` audio to SignalWire from the called party or the `outbound` audio from SignalWire to the called party or `both` the inbound and outbound audio. Defaults to `both`.
`ringTone` optional	The ability to change the ringback tone played to the caller when dialing a number. Default value is the ringback tone from the carrier. Available values are the following ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes: at, au, bg, br, be, ch, cl, cn, cz, de, dk, ee, es, fi, fr, gr, hu, il, in, it, lt, jp, mx, my, nl, no, nz, ph, pl, pt, ru, se, sg, th, uk, us, us-old, tw, ve, za.
`timeLimit` optional	Maximum duration, in seconds, for a `<Dial>`. Default value is 4 hours.
`timeout` optional	The time, in seconds, that SignalWire will wait for a call to be answered before setting the status of the call to `no-answer`. Default is 30 seconds. Minimum value is 5 seconds and maximum value is 600 seconds.
`trim` optional	Whether or not silence in the beginning and end of recordings are removed. Use `trim-silence` to achieve this behavior. Default value is `do-not-trim`.

The action URL request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`DialCallStatus` string	The status of the dialed call attempt. See below for status values.
`DialCallSid` string	The unique identifier of the new call leg.
`DialCallDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the dialed call.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL of the recorded audio file. This parameter is only present if `record` is set on a `<Dial>`.

The DialCallStatus parameter of the action attribute can be one of the following values:

Value
`completed`	The number that was dialed answered the call and was successfully connected to the caller.
`answered`	When calling to a conference, the number that was dialed answered the call and was successfully connected to the caller.
`busy`	SignalWire received a busy signal when connecting to the dialed number.
`no-answer`	The number that was dialed did not answer the call in time.
`failed`	SignalWire was unable to connect to the dialed number. This usually occurs when the dialed number does not exist.
`canceled`	The call was canceled through a REST API before it was answered.

`record` Channels

The record attribute allows for recordings in mono-channel or dual-channel:

mono-channel: both legs of a call are combined into one channel in one recording file
- record-from-answer: starts the recording when the call is answered
- record-from-ringing: starts the recording when ringing begins
dual-channel: both legs of a call use separate channels in one recording file
- record-from-answer-dual: starts the recording when the call is answered
- record-from-ringing-dual: starts the recording when ringing begins

The recordingStatusCallback request contains the following parameters:

Parameter
`AccountSid` string	The unique ID of the Account this call is associated with.
`CallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call. Always refers to the initial caller.
`RecordingSid` string	The unique identifier for the recording.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL for the audio recording.
`RecordingStatus` string	The status of the recording. Possible values are: in-progress, completed, failed.
`RecordingDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the recording.
`RecordingChannels` integer	The number of channels in the recording. Can be 1 or 2.
`RecordingSource` string	The type of call that initiated the recording.
`RecordingTrack` string	Which audio tracks are recorded. Can be inbound, outbound, or both.

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Dial> has the following nouns:

Noun
`<Conference>`	A conference call between two or more callers.
`<Number>`	A phone number with additional attributes.
`<Queue>`	A line for callers to wait in. The current call will be connected to the call at the front of the queue.

<Conference>

<Dial> verb's <Conference> noun permits the connection to a named conference room.

Noun Attributes

Attribute
`muted` optional	Whether or not a caller can speak in a conference. Default is false.
`beep` optional	Whether or not a sound is played when callers leave or enter a conference. Default is true. See below for all possible values.
`startConferenceOnEnter` optional	The conference begins once a specific caller enters into the conference room, unless it has already started. If a participant joins and `startConferenceOnEnter` is false, that participant will hear background music and stay muted until a participant with `startConferenceOnEnter` set to true joins the call. Default is true.
`endConferenceOnExit` optional	If a participant with `endConferenceOnExit` set to true leaves a conference, the conference terminates and all participants drop out of the call. Default is false.
`waitUrl` optional	URL for the music to play in the background while participants are waiting to enter a conference room. Only supports `<Play>`, `<Pause>`, and `<Redirect>`. If no `waitUrl` is provided, SignalWire will use its hold music.
`waitMethod` optional	Specifies whether the request to `waitUrl` is a `GET` or a `POST`. The default value is `POST`.
`maxParticipants` optional	The maximum number of participants allowed in a named conference room.
`record` optional	Can be used to record an entire `<Conference>`. `record-from-start` will begin recording the conference call once the first two participants join in on the call. Wait music is not recorded. Default is `do-not-record`.
`trim` optional	Whether or not silence in the beginning and end of recordings are removed. Default value `trim-silence` follows this behavior.
`coach` optional	Coach accepts a call SID of a call that is currently connected to an in-progress conference. Specifying a call SID that does not exist or is no longer connected to the conference will result in the call failing to the action URL and throwing a 13240 error.
`statusCallbackEvent` optional	Which conference state changes will trigger a webhook to the URL provided in `statusCallback`. Specifies conference state changes. The first participant to join the named conference is able to manipulate and set events. All other changes made by other participants will be ignored. See below for all possible events. To specify multiple events, separate them with a space.
`statusCallback` optional	The URL to make requests to for each `statusCallbackEvent` event. The URL is set by the first participant to enter a conference. All other information provided by other participants will be ignored. See below for request parameters.
`statusCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `statusCallback`. Default is `POST`.
`recordingStatusCallback` optional	The `recordingStatusCallback` attribute takes in an absolute URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL when recording is accessible. See below for request parameters.
`recordingStatusCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `recordingStatusCallback`. Default is `POST`.
`recordingStatusCallbackEvent` optional	Specifies recording status changes. To specify multiple values, separate them by a space. Default is `completed` and `failed`. See below for details.
`eventCallbackUrl` optional	The 'eventCallbackUrl' attribute takes a URL as an argument and makes a `POST` request to it when a conference ends.

The beep attribute has the following values:

Value
`true`	Plays a beep when a caller leaves or enters a conference. The default value for `beep`.
`false`	Disables the beep when callers leave and enter conferences.
`onEnter`	Only plays a beep when a caller enters a conference.
`onExit`	Only plays a beep when a caller leaves a conference.

The statusCallbackEvent attribute has the following events:

Event
`start`	The conference has started as long as there are at least two people in the conference room and one of the participant's `startConferenceOnEnter` is set to true.
`end`	The conference ends when the last participant in the call or a participant with `endConferenceOnExit` set to true leaves the call.
`join`	When a participant joins a conference.
`leave`	When a participant leaves a conference.
`mute`	When a participant has been muted or un-muted.
`hold`	When a participant has been put on hold or put out of hold.
`speaker`	When a participant has begun or stopped speaking.

The statusCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`ConferenceSid` string	A unique identifier for the named Conference.
`FriendlyName` string	Name of the conference.
`AccountSid` string	A unique identifier for the Account this call is associated with.
`Timestamp` string	The timestamp, in RFC 2822 format, of when an event occurred.
`StatusCallbackEvent` string	Conference state changes. Possible events are: `conference-end`, `conference-start`, `participant-leave`, `participant-join`, `participant-mute`, `participant-unmute`, `participant-hold`, `participant-unhold`, `participant-speech-start`, `participant-speech-stop`.
`CallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call.
`Muted` string	Whether a participant is muted or not.
`Hold` string	Whether a participant is on hold or not.
`EndConferenceOnExit` string	When a participant has this set on true and they leave a call, conference ends.
`StartConferenceOnEnter` string	When a participant has this set on true and they join a call, conference begins.
`EventName` string	The name of the event.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL of the recorded audio file.
`Duration` integer	The time, in seconds, of the conference call.
`RecordingFileSize` string	The size of the recorded audio file.

The recordingStatusCallback request contains the following parameters:

Parameter
`AccountSid` string	A unique identifier for the Account this recording is associated with.
`ConferenceSid` string	A unique identifier for the Conference this recording is associated with.
`RecordingSid` string	The unique identifier for the recording.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL for the audio recording.
`RecordingStatus` string	The status of the recording. Possible values are: `in-progress`, `complete`, `failed`.
`RecordingDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the recording.
`RecordingChannels` integer	The number of channels in the recording. Only 1 channel is supported for conference recordings.
`RecordingStartTime` integer	The timestamp for when the recording started.
`RecordingSource` string	The type of call that initiated the recording.

The recordingStatusCallbackEvent attribute has the following status values:

Value
`in-progress`	The recording has begun.
`completed`	The recording has completed and is accessible.
`failed`	The recording is not accessible because of a failure.

<Conference> Examples

A Simple Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference>Room 1234</Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('Room 1234')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('Room 1234');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("Room 1234");

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('Room 1234')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('Room 1234')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

The first participant would join the conference "Room 1234" and listen to wait music in the background until a second participant joins the conference. Once participants have joined the conference, the wait music comes to an end, a beep is played, and the conference call begins.

A Moderated Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference startConferenceOnEnter="false">
      moderated-conference-room
    </Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', { startConferenceOnEnter: false })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('moderated-conference-room', array( 'startConferenceOnEnter' => false ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("moderated-conference-room",
            startConferenceOnEnter: false);

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', start_conference_on_enter=False)
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', start_conference_on_enter: false)
  end
end

puts response.to_s

You can set the startConferenceOnEnter to false so that a group of participants can join in the conference room but the conference cannot begin until the moderator has entered the call. As the participants wait for the conference to begin, hold music will be playing in the background.

Start A Moderated Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference startConferenceOnEnter="true" endConferenceOnExit="true">
      moderated-conference-room
    </Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', { startConferenceOnEnter: true, endConferenceOnExit: true })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('moderated-conference-room', array(
    'startConferenceOnEnter' => true,
    'endConferenceOnExit' => true )
  );
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("moderated-conference-room",
            startConferenceOnEnter: true, endConferenceOnExit: true);

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', start_conference_on_enter=True, end_conference_on_exit=True)
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('moderated-conference-room', start_conference_on_enter: true, end_conference_on_exit: false)
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Now, since the moderator has joined in on the conference call, startConferenceOnEnter is set to true which means the conference can begin. All the participants that were waiting on hold will now be connected to the conference room; the hold music will come to an end and a beep notification will play indicating conference entrance. Once the moderator leaves the call, the conference will come to an end and all participants will be disconnected from the call.

Joining a Conference Call Muted (Monitor)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference muted="true">ConferenceRoom</Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference({ muted: true }, 'ConferenceRoom')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('ConferenceRoom', array( 'muted' => true ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("ConferenceRoom", muted: true);

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('ConferenceRoom', muted=True)
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('ConferenceRoom', muted: true)
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Participants who enter a conference call muted can hear the other participants in the call who are un-muted. However, the un-muted participants cannot hear the muted callers. Muting and un-muting can be enable and disabled in real-time via a REST API.

Coaching A Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference coach="AgentCallSid">
      Example-Room
    </Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('Example-Room', { coach: "AgentCallSid" })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('Example-Room', array( 'coach' => 'AgentCallSid' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("Example-Room",
            coach: 'AgentCallSid');

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('Example-Room', coach='AgentCallSid')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('Example-Room', coach: '')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Recording a Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Dial>
    <Conference record="record-from-start"
                recordingStatusCallback="https://www.example.com/recording_update">
      ConferenceCall
    </Conference>
  </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.conference('ConferenceCall', { record: 'record-from-start', recordingStatusCallback: 'https://www.example.com/recording_update' })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->conference('ConferenceCall', array(
    'record' => 'record-from-start',
    'recordingStatusCallback' => 'https://www.example.com/recording_update' )
  );
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Conference("ConferenceCall", record: "record-from-start",
            recordingStatusCallback: new Uri("https://www.example.com/recording_update"));

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.conference('ConferenceCall', record='record-from-start', recording_status_callback='https://www.example.com/recording_update')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.conference('ConferenceCall', record: 'record-from-start', recording_status_callback: 'https://www.example.com/recording_update')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

The recording of the conference call will begin when at least two participants join the conference room. A recordingStatusCallback will be sent when the recording is accessible.

Notes On Usage

You can freely name the conference room to fit your preference. However, only callers within a project can join in on a named conference room. Callers from separate projects will not be able to connect to that same conference room.
You can customize the background music as callers are waiting to join a conference call
Conferences will not begin unless there are 2 or more parties present.

<Number>

<Dial> verb's <Number> noun specifies what phone number to dial. You can use up to 10 <Number>s within a <Dial> to simultaneously call several people. The first person to answer the call will be connected to the caller and the rest of the called numbers will be hung up.

Noun Attributes

Attribute
`sendDigits` optional	Play DTMF tones when a call is answered. Useful when dialing numbers with extensions. SignalWire will initially dial the main phone number, then send the DTMF tones for the extension when the automated system answers.
`url` optional	A specified URL for a document that runs on the callee's end after the dialed number answers but before the call is connected. This allows the caller to provide information to the dialed number, giving them the opportunity to decline the call, before they answer the call.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`statusCallbackEvent` optional	The current status of the call. The call moves from `initiated` to `ringing` when the phone starts ringing. It moves from `ringing` to `answered` when the phone call is answered. Finally, it moves from `answered` to `completed` when the call is terminated. The status will be set to `completed` through the following reasons: busy, canceled, completed, failed, or no-answer. To specify multiple events, separate each one with a space. See below for the different call statuses.
`statusCallback` optional	The URL to make requests to for each `statusCallbackEvent` event. See below for request parameters.
`statusCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `statusCallback`. Default is `POST`.

The statusCallbackEvent attribute has the following call status values:

Value
`initiated`	Dialing of a call has begun.
`ringing`	The call has begun ringing.
`answered`	The call has been answered.
`completed`	The call has been terminated. The status will be set to `completed` through the following reasons: busy, canceled, completed, failed, or no-answer.

The statusCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`CallDuration` integer	A duration, in seconds, of the finished call.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL for the audio recording of the call. Only present when `CallStatus` is completed.
`RecordingSid` string	The unique identifier for the recording of the call. Only present when `CallStatus` is completed.
`RecordingDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the recorded audio of the call. Only present when `CallStatus` is completed.
`Timestamp` string	The timestamp, in RFC 2822 format, of when an event occurred.
`CallbackSource` string	The source of the call connection.

<Number> Examples

Dialing an Extension

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Number sendDigits="www5645">
            123-456-7890
        </Number>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.number({ sendDigits: 'www5645' }, '123-456-7890')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->number('123-456-7890', array( 'sendDigits' => 'www5645' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Number("123-456-7890", sendDigits: "www5645");

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Number

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.number('123-456-7890', send_digits='www5645')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.number('123-456-7890', send_digits: 'www5645')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

After entering the phone number, we want to wait a little before entering in the extension. In order to do this, a w can be placed in front of the extension number. Each w will wait 0.5 seconds before dialing the extension. In this example, SignalWire will wait 1.5 seconds before dialing the extension 5645.

Concurrent Phone Calls

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Number>123-456-7890</Number>
        <Number>987-654-3210</Number>
        <Number>102-938-4750</Number>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.number('123-456-7890')
dial.number('987-654-3210')
dial.number('102-938-4750')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->number('123-456-7890');
  $dial->number('987-654-3210');
  $dial->number('102-938-4750');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Number("123-456-7890");
        dial.Number("987-654-3210");
        dial.Number("102-938-4750");

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Number

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.number('123-456-7890')
dial.number('987-654-3210')
dial.number('102-938-4750')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.number('123-456-7890')
    dial.number('987-654-3210')
    dial.number('102-938-4750')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

You can simultaneously call up to 10 <Number>s. The first caller to pick up the phone will be connected to the caller and the rest of the called numbers will be hung up.

Notes on Usage

You can have up to 10 <Number>s within a <Dial>.
If you dial an office number or a phone on airplane mode, the call will be picked up within the first ring and all other calls will be hung up.

<Sip>

Dialing to a SIP destination.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Sip>sip:alice@example.com</Sip>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->sip('sip:alice@example.com');
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Sip(new Uri("sip:alice@example.com"));
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Sip

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

<Dial> verb's <Sip> noun permits the set up of VoIP sessions using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). You can send a call to any SIP endpoint.

When dialing an SIP endpoint, the transport defaults to TLS. If the SIP destination does not support TLS, you can set the transport to UDP or TCP by setting the transport manually. For example: sip:alice@example.com;transport=udp.

The <Sip> noun supports all of the <Dial> verb's attributes with one exception: callerId is supported but not limited to a valid E.164 number. When using the <Sip> noun, the callerId attribute can be any alphanumeric string and include the following characters: +-_., but no whitespace.

Noun Attributes

Attribute
`codecs` optional	A comma separated list of codecs to offer to the SIP user agent. Select from `PCMU`, `PCMA`, `G722`, `G729`, and `OPUS`. Codecs are offered in the order specified. Default value is `PCMU,PCMA`
`url` optional	A specified URL for a document that runs on the callee's end after the dialed number answers but before the call is connected. This allows the caller to provide information to the dialed number, giving them the opportunity to decline the call, before they answer the call. See below for request parameters.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`statusCallbackEvent` optional	The current status of the call. The call moves from `initiated` to `ringing` when the phone starts ringing. It moves from `ringing` to `answered` when the phone call is answered. Finally, it moves from `answered` to `completed` when the call is terminated. The status will be set to `completed` through the following reasons: busy, canceled, completed, failed, or no-answer. To specify multiple events, separate each one with a space. See below for the different call statuses.
`statusCallback` optional	The URL to make requests to for each `statusCallbackEvent` event. See below for request parameters.
`statusCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `statusCallback`. Default is `POST`.
`username` optional	Username for SIP authentication
`password` optional	Password for SIP authentication

In addition to the standard request parameters, the following are parameters passed back to your application when SignalWire makes a request to the <Sip> noun's url attribute.

Parameter
`SipCallId` string	The SIP call ID header of the request made to the remote SIP infrastructure.
`SipHeader` string	The name or value of any X-headers returned in the 200 response to the SIP INVITE request.

After a Dial attempt is made, SignalWire can make a request to the <Dial> verb's action attribute. In addition to the standard request parameters, the following are parameters passed back to your application when SignalWire makes the request.

Parameter
`DialSipCallId` string	The SIP call ID header of the request made to the remote SIP infrastructure.
`DialSipResponseCode` string	The SIP response code to the INVITE attempt.
`DialSipHeader_` string	The name or value of any X-headers returned in the 200 response to the SIP INVITE request.

The statusCallbackEvent attribute has the following call status values:

Value
`initiated`	Dialing of a call has begun.
`ringing`	The call has begun ringing.
`answered`	The call has been answered.
`completed`	The call has been terminated. The status will be set to `completed` through the following reasons: busy, canceled, completed, failed, or no-answer.

The statusCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`CallbackSource` string	The source of the status callback.
`CallDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the finished call. Only present on the `completed` event.
`Timestamp` string	The timestamp, in RFC 2822 format, of when the event occurred.

<Sip> Examples

Dialing to a SIP Endpoint

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Sip>sip:alice@example.com</Sip>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->sip('sip:alice@example.com');
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Sip(new Uri("sip:alice@example.com"));
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Sip

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.sip('sip:alice@example.com')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

In this example, in order to connect to 'alice@example.com' we have to nest a <Sip> within a <Dial>.

Dialing to a SIP Endpoint With Authentication

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Sip username="admin" password="1234">sip:bob@example.com</Sip>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.sip({ username: 'admin', password: '1234' }, 'sip:bob@example.com')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->sip('sip:bob@example.com', array( 'username' => 'admin', 'password' => '1234' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Sip(new Uri("sip:bob@example.com"), username: "admin",
            password: "1234");
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Sip

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.sip('sip:bob@example.com', username='admin', password='1234')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.sip('sip:bob@example.com', username:'admin', password:'1234')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Now, in order to connect to 'bob@example.com', you have to have the proper authentication credentials.

Passing Custom Headers

Pass custom headers to the SIP endpoint.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Sip>sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar</Sip>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.sip('sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->sip('sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar');
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial
            .Sip(new Uri("sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar"));
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Sip

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.sip('sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.sip('sip:charlie@example.com?customheader=foo&amp;othercustomheader=bar')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Dialing a SIP Endpoint with Dial attributes

The Sip Noun supports of <Dial> attributes and can be used together.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial
     record="record-from-answer"
     callerId="alice"
     method="GET"
     action="https://www.example.com/after_dial">
        <Sip
          url="https://www.example.com/whisper_audio"
          statusCallbackEvent='ringing answered'
          statusCallback='https://www.example.com/dial_events'>
            sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo
        </Sip>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial({ record: 'record-from-answer', callerId: 'alice', method: 'GET', action: 'https://www.example.com/after_dial' })
dial.sip({ url: 'https://www.example.com/whisper_audio', statusCallbackEvent: 'ringing answered', statusCallback: 'https://www.example.com/dial_events' }, 'sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial( array( 'record' => 'record-from-answer', 'callerId' => 'alice', 'method' => 'GET', 'action' => 'https://www.example.com/after_dial' ));
  $dial->sip('sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo', array( 'url' => 'https://www.example.com/whisper_audio', 'statusCallbackEvent' => 'ringing answered', 'statusCallback' => 'https://www.example.com/dial_events' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial(record: Dial.RecordEnum.RecordFromAnswer,
            callerId: "alice", method: Twilio
            .Http.HttpMethod.Get, action: new Uri("https://www.example.com/after_dial"));
        dial.Sip(new Uri("sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo"),
            statusCallbackEvent: new []{Sip.EventEnum.Ringing, Sip.EventEnum.Answered}.ToList(),
            statusCallback: new Uri("https://www.example.com/dial_events"),
            url: new Uri("https://www.example.com/whisper_audio"));
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Sip

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial(record='record-from-answer', caller_id='alice', method='GET', action='https://www.example.com/after_dial')
dial.sip('sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo', url='https://www.example.com/whisper_audio', status_callback_event='ringing answered', status_callback='https://www.example.com/dial_events')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial(record:'record-from-answer', caller_id:'alice', method:'GET', action:'https://www.example.com/after_dial') do |dial|
    dial.sip('sip:dan@example.com?customheader=foo', url:'https://www.example.com/whisper_audio', status_callback_event:'ringing answered', status_callback:'https://www.example.com/dial_events')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Notes on Usage

SIP INVITE message includes CallSid, AccountSid, and the API version; can also pass custom SIP headers in the INVITE message.
You can have up to 10 <Sip>s within a <Dial>.
You cannot add other nouns in a <Dial> that contains a <Sip>.

<Queue>

<Dial> verb's <Queue> noun specifies what queue to dial.

Noun Attributes

Attribute
`url` optional	A specified URL for a document that runs on the caller's end before the call is connected. This allows the caller to inform the dialed number that the call will be connected to an agent or that the call may be monitored or recorded. See below for request parameters.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.

The url request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`QueueSid` string	The unique identifier for the Queue.
`CallSid` string	The unique identifier for the dequeued call.
`QueueTime` string	The time, in seconds, spent waiting in a queue.
`DequeingCallSid` string	The unique identifier for the call dequeueing the caller.

<Queue> Examples

Dialing a Queue

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>
        <Queue url="https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml">support</Queue>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial()
dial.queue({ url: 'https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml' }, 'support')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial();
  $dial->queue('support', array( 'url' => 'https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial();
        dial.Queue("support", url: new Uri("https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml"));

        response.Append(dial);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Queue

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial()
dial.queue('support', url='https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial do |dial|
    dial.queue('support', url: 'https://example.com/about_to_connect.xml')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

This is an example of a caller in the 'support' queue waiting to be dequeued.

Bridging Out of a Queue

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>You will now be connected to an agent.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('You will now be connected to an agent.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('You will now be connected to an agent.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("You will now be connected to an agent.");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('You will now be connected to an agent.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'You will now be connected to an agent.')
end

puts response.to_s

Once a caller is first in line in the queue and ready to be bridged, they will be informed of the connection to an agent.

Examples

A Simple Dial

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>123-456-7890</Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.dial('123-456-7890')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->dial('123-456-7890');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Dial("123-456-7890");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial

response = VoiceResponse()
response.dial('123-456-7890')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial('123-456-7890')
end

puts response.to_s

If the dialed number answers the call, the two parties can talk to each other until one of them hangs up the phone.

Dial a Number from a SignalWire Client

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial callerId="+18007778899">
        <Number>+18004445566</Number>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial({ callerId: '+18007778899' })
dial.number('+18004445566')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial(array( 'callerId' => '+18007778899' ));
  $dial->number('+18004445566');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial(callerId: "+18007778899");
        dial.Number("+18004445566");
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Number

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial(caller_id='+18007778899')
dial.number('+18004445566')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial(caller_id: '+18007778899') do |dial|
    dial.number('+18004445566')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

In order to dial from a SignalWire client, you need to make sure you are inputting a valid phone number. If the number in the callerID is not valid, the call will fail.

Mono-Channel Recording

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial record="record-from-ringing"
          recordingStatusCallback="https://example.com/recording_status">
        <Number>+10123456789</Number>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial({ record: 'record-from-ringing', recordingStatusCallback: 'https://example.com/recording_status' })
dial.number('+10123456789')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial(array(
    'record' => 'record-from-ringing',
    'recordingStatusCallback' => 'https://example.com/recording_status' )
  );
  $dial->number('+10123456789');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial(record: "record-from-ringing",
            recordingStatusCallback: new Uri("https://example.com/recording_status"));
        dial.Number("+10123456789");
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Number

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial(record='record-from-ringing', recording_status_callback='https://example.com/recording_status')
dial.number('+10123456789')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial(record: 'record-from-ringing', recording_status_callback: 'https://example.com/recording_status') do |dial|
    dial.number('+10123456789')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

With mono-channel recording, each participant in the call will be recorded on the same channel. The recording will then be stored in a single recording file. Since we have set record to record-from-ringing, the recording will begin when the phone starts to ring.

Dual-Channel Recording for a Conference Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial record="record-from-ringing-dual"
          recordingStatusCallback="https://example.com/recording_status">
        <Conference>teamcall</Conference>
    </Dial>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

dial = response.dial({ record: 'record-from-ringing-dual', recordingStatusCallback: 'https://example.com/recording_status' })
dial.conference('teamcall')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $dial = $response->dial(array(
    'record' => 'record-from-ringing-dual',
    'recordingStatusCallback' => 'https://example.com/recording_status' )
  );
  $dial->conference('teamcall');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var dial = new Dial(record: "record-from-ringing-dual",
            recordingStatusCallback: new Uri("https://example.com/recording_status"));
        dial.Conference("teamcall");
        response.Append(dial);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Conference

response = VoiceResponse()
dial = Dial(record='record-from-ringing-dual', recording_status_callback='https://example.com/recording_status')
dial.conference('teamcall')
response.append(dial)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial(record: 'record-from-ringing-dual', recording_status_callback: 'https://example.com/recording_status') do |dial|
    dial.conference('teamcall')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

This example connects the caller to the conference call, teamcall. With dual-channel recording, each participant in the call will be recorded in a separate channel. The recording will then be stored in a single recording file. Since we have set record to record-from-ringing-dual, the recording will begin when the phone starts to ring.

<Echo>

The <Echo> verb will echo audio back to the call.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`timeout` optional	The number of seconds SignalWire will echo, from 5 up to 120 seconds. Defaults to 60 seconds if no value is provided.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Echo>.

Examples

A simple echo test

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Echo timeout="120"/>
    <Hangup/>
</Response>

SignalWire answers call and echoes what it hears for 2 minutes.

<Enqueue>

The <Enqueue> verb places a call in a specified call queue. If the specified queue does not exist, a new queue will be created and the call will be placed into that new queue. Calls can be dequeued through the <Dial> verb or removed from the queue through the <Leave> verb.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes a absolute URL. When a call leaves the queue, a request to this URL is made. If a call is dequeued through the `<Leave>` verb, the URL is immediately requested. If the call has been bridged to another party via the `<Dial>` verb, then the HTTP request is made only after both parties have disconnected. If `action` is not provided, SignalWire will continue reading the next verb in the document. See below for specified request parameters.
`method` optional	Specifies whether the redirect is a `GET` or a `POST`. Default value is `POST`.
`waitUrl` optional	URL of the document to execute while the caller is in the queue. Default points to a playlist with classical music. waitUrl supports the following verbs: `<Play>`, `<Say>`, `<Pause>`, `<Hangup>`, `<Redirect>`, `<Leave>`, and `<Gather>`. See below for specified request parameters.
`waitUrlMethod` optional	Specifies whether the request to `waitUrl` is a `GET` or a `POST`. The default value is `POST`.

The action request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`QueueResult` string	The result of the queued call. See below for all possible values.
`QueueSid` string	The unique ID of the queue. Only available if a call is successfully placed into a queue.
`QueueTime` string	The time a call was waiting in a queue. Only available if a call is successfully placed into a queue.

The parameter QueueResult has the following values:

Value
`bridged`	The call was bridged and removed from the queue.
`bridging-in-progress`	SignalWire is instructed to bridge the call.
`error`	An error occurred either through the `<Enqueue>` verb or through the document retrieved from the `waitUrl`.
`hangup`	The caller hung up while still in the queue.
`leave`	The caller left the queue through the `<Leave>` verb.
`redirected`	The call was redirected out of the queue, through a REST API request, while the caller was in the queue.
`redirected-from-bridged`	The queued and bridged session was transferred out.
`queue-full`	The queue was full, so the placement into the queue was not accepted.
`system-error`	SignalWire had a malfunction while placing a call into a queue.

The waitUrl request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`QueuePosition` integer	The current position in the queue.
`QueueSid` string	The unique ID of the queue a caller is in.
`QueueTime` integer	The time a call was waiting in a queue.
`AvgQueueTime` integer	The average time, in seconds, that callers have been waiting in a queue.
`CurrentQueueSize` integer	The current number of callers in a queue.

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Enqueue> has the following nouns:

Noun
`plain text`	The name of a specific queue.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Enqueue> and you cannot nest
<Enqueue> within any other verbs.

Examples

A Simple Enqueue

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Enqueue waitUrl="https://example.com/hold-music.xml">support</Enqueue>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.enqueue({ waitUrl: 'https://example.com/hold-music.xml' }, 'support')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->enqueue('support', array( 'waitUrl' => 'https://example.com/hold-music.xml' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Enqueue("support", waitUrl: new Uri("https://example.com/hold-music.xml"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Enqueue

response = VoiceResponse()
response.enqueue('support', wait_url='https://example.com/hold-music.xml')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.enqueue(name: 'support', wait_url: 'https://example.com/hold-music.xml')
end

puts response.to_s

While a caller is in the queue, SignalWire retrieves the LaML document 'hold-music.xml' and executes it.

Playing Wait Music

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Play>http://your-application.com/classical.mp3</Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.play('http://your-application.com/classical.mp3')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->play('http://your-application.com/classical.mp3');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Play(new Uri("http://your-application.com/classical.mp3"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.play('http://your-application.com/classical.mp3')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.play(url: 'http://your-application.com/classical.mp3')
end

puts response.to_s

While callers in a queue are waiting, classical music is played.

<Gather>

The <Gather> verb transcribes speech or collects digits during a call.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes in an absolute URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL when entering of digits is completed. If there is no URL provided, SignalWire will re-request the URL that was previously used, which can cause an unwanted looping behavior. Be sure to provide the proper URL in order to avoid this outcome. See below for specified request parameters.
`actionOnEmptyResult` optional	Send a webhook to the `action` URL even if there is no input. By default, if no input is detected, the next LaML instruction is executed but by setting `actionOnEmptyResult` to `true`, a callback to the `action` URL will be sent to continue call flow. Valid values are `true` or `false`. Default is `false`.
`finishOnKey` optional	The set of digits, (0-9, *, #), that can end a recording. Default is `#`.
`hints` optional	A list of words and phrases, each a max of 100 characters, a caller is likely to say during a call.
`input` optional	The type of input received from a caller (i.e. speech or DTMF). Values can be `dtmf`, `speech`, or `dtmf speech`. Default is `dtmf`.
`language` optional	The language in which you expect your callers to speak. Default is `en-US`.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`numDigits` optional	The number of digits you expect to be pressed by a caller.
`partialResultCallback` optional	The URL to request to during speech recognition. No URL is specified by default.
`partialResultCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `partialResultCallback`. Default is `POST`.
`profanityFilter` optional	Tells SignalWire whether or not to filter profane language when transcribing a call. Default is `true`.
`speechTimeout` optional	The set time, in seconds, that SignalWire will wait before ending speech recognition. If set to `auto`, SignalWire will automatically end speech recognition when there is a pause in speech.
`timeout` optional	The number of seconds of silence or inaction that denote the end of caller input. Default is `5 seconds`.

The action request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`Confidence` string	The score, between 0.0 and 1.0, that determines the accuracy of a transcription.
`SpeechResult` string	The transcribed result of the caller's speech.
`Digits` string	The buttons pressed by a caller.

Nesting

The following verbs can be nested within a <Gather>:

<Play>: plays an audio file, that SignalWire fetches from the URL you configured, back to the caller.
<Pause>: waits silently for a distinctive number of seconds.
<Say>: reads supplied text back to the caller.

Examples

A Simple Gather

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Gather/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.gather()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->gather();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Gather();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Gather

response = VoiceResponse()
response.gather()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.gather
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will collect any speech or digits pressed during a call.

Nesting Within a Gather

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Gather action="https://example.com/process_gather.php" method="GET">
        <Say>
            Please enter your account number,
            followed by the pound sign.
        </Say>
    </Gather>
    <Say>We did not receive any input. Goodbye!</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

gather = response.gather({ action: 'https://example.com/process_gather.php', method: 'GET' })
gather.say('Please enter your account number, followed by the pound sign.')
response.say('We did not receive any input. Goodbye!')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $gather = $response->gather(array(
    'action' => 'https://example.com/process_gather.php',
    'method' => 'GET'
  ));
  $gather->say('Please enter your account number, followed by the pound sign.');
  $response->say('We did not receive any input. Goodbye!');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.Http;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var gather = new Gather(action: new Uri("https://example.com/process_gather.php"), method: HttpMethod.Get);
        gather.Say("Please enter your account number, followed by the pound sign.");

        response.Append(gather);
        response.Say("We did not receive any input. Goodbye!");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Gather, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
gather = Gather(action='https://example.com/process_gather.php', method='GET')
gather.say('Please enter your account number, followed by the pound sign.')
response.append(gather)
response.say('We did not receive any input. Goodbye!')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.gather(action: 'https://example.com/process_gather.php', method: 'GET') do |gather|
    gather.say(message: 'Please enter your account number, followed by the pound sign.')
  end
  response.say(message: 'We did not receive any input. Goodbye!')
end

puts response.to_s

You can use the <Say> verb to prompt callers to enter the desired input. In this example, when a caller enters their account number, SignalWire will submit the result to the URL provided in the action attribute. If the caller does not enter any digits, SignalWire will prompt the 'Goodbye' statement.

Gather DTMF or Speech

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Gather input="speech dtmf" timeout="5" numDigits="1">
        <Say>Please press 3 or say account for account information.</Say>
    </Gather>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

gather = response.gather({ input: 'speech dtmf', timeout: 5, numDigits: 1 })
gather.say('Please press 3 or say account for account information.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $gather = $response->gather(array(
    'input' => 'speech dtmf',
    'timeout' => 5,
    'numDigits' => 1
  ));
  $gather->say('Please press 3 or say account for account information.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var gather = new Gather(input: "speech dtmf", timeout: 5, numDigits: 1);
        gather.Say("Please press 3 or say account for account information.");

        response.Append(gather);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Gather, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
gather = Gather(input='speech dtmf', timeout=5, num_digits=1)
gather.say('Please press 3 or say account for account information.')
response.append(gather)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.gather(input: 'speech dtmf', timeout: 5, num_digits: 1) do |gather|
    gather.say(message: 'Please press 3 or say account for account information.')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

A caller can access their account information either through speech recognition or DTMF tones. SignalWire will wait 5 seconds before processing the information and sending the data.

Potential Issues

<Gather> doesn't receive caller input when the caller is using a VoIP phone.

Solution: Some VoIP phones have trouble sending DTMF tones. Phones typically use compressed bandwidth-conserving audio protocols that can interfere with the transmission of the digit's signal.

The Digits parameter is not sent to the <Gather> URL.

Solution: Verify that your application is not responding to the action URL with an HTTP 3xx redirect. SignalWire will follow this redirect but will not resend the Digits parameter.

<Hangup>

The <Hangup> verb ends a call. While <Reject>ed calls are never answered, calls that use the <Hangup> verb for disconnection are still answered, becoming subject to billing.

Verb Attributes

The <Hangup> verb does not support any attributes.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Hangup> and you cannot nest <Hangup> within any other verbs.

Examples

A Simple Hangup

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Hangup/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.hangup()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->hangup();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Hangup();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Hangup

response = VoiceResponse()
response.hangup()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.hangup
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will answer the call then immediately hangup.

<Leave>

The <Leave> verb transfers a call out of the queue containing that call. It then returns the flow of execution to verb following the <Enqueue> that placed this call into the queue.

Verb Attributes

The <Leave> verb does not support any attributes.

Examples

Leaving a Closed Queue

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Enqueue waitUrl="https://example.com/wait.xml">support</Enqueue>
    <Say>Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.enqueue({ waitUrl: 'https://example.com/hold-music.xml' }, 'support')
response.say('Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->enqueue('support', array( 'waitUrl' => 'https://example.com/wait.xml' ));
  $response->say('Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Enqueue("support", waitUrl: new Uri("https://example.com/wait.xml"));
        response.Say("Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Enqueue, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.enqueue('support', wait_url='https://example.com/wait.xml')
response.say('Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.enqueue(name: 'support', wait_url: 'https://example.com/wait.xml')
  response.say(message: 'Customer support is now closed. Please call back on the next business day. Thank you.')
end

puts response.to_s

Callers who are waiting in the queue for customer support will automatically be directed out of the queue after closing hours. SignalWire will notify these callers that they have left the queue and will have to try calling back another day.

Playing Audio

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Play>http://your-application.com/music.mp3</Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.play('http://your-application.com/music.mp3')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->play('http://your-application.com/music.mp3');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Play(new Uri("http://your-application.com/music.mp3"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.play('http://your-application.com/music.mp3')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.play(url: 'http://your-application.com/music.mp3')
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will play hold music for the callers in the queue until customer support hours are over.

Leave a Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Leave />
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.leave()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->leave();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Leave();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Leave

response = VoiceResponse()
response.leave()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.leave
end

puts response.to_s

wait.xml will dequeue the callers after closing hours and prompt the <Say> statement in the first example.

<Pause>

The <Pause> verb waits silently for a distinctive number of seconds.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`length` optional	The number of seconds SignalWire will pause silently before moving on. Defaults to 1s of wait time if no value is provided.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Pause>. However, <Pause> can be nested within a <Gather>.

Examples

A Simple Pause

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>Please wait one moment while I check that for you.</Say>
    <Pause length="8"/>
    <Say>Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Please wait one moment while I check that for you.')
response.pause({ length: 8 })
response.say('Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Please wait one moment while I check that for you.');
  $response->pause(array( 'length' => 8 ));
  $response->say('Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Please wait one moment while I check that for you.");
        response.Pause(length: 8);
        response.Say("Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say, Pause

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Please wait one moment while I check that for you.')
response.pause(length=8)
response.say('Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'Please wait one moment while I check that for you.')
  response.pause(length: 10)
  response.say(message: 'Yes, we are open Monday through Friday.')
end

puts response.to_s

This illustrates the wait time between two statements.

Delaying a Response

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Pause length="3"/>
    <Say>Hello, how can I help you?</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.pause({ length: 3 })
response.say('Hello, how can I help you?')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->pause(array( 'length' => 3 ));
  $response->say('Hello, how can I help you?');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Pause(length: 3);
        response.Say("Hello, how can I help you?");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say, Pause

response = VoiceResponse()
response.pause(length=3)
response.say('Hello, how can I help you?')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.pause(length: 3)
  response.say(message: 'Hello, how can I help you?')
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire waits 3 seconds before answering a call.

<Play>

The <Play> verb plays an audio file, that SignalWire fetches from the URL you configured, back to the caller.

Verb Attributes

An example of an audio file set to loop 15 times.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Play loop="15">https://your-application.com/audio.mp3</Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.play({ loop: 15 }, 'https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3', array( 'loop' => 15 ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Play(new Uri("https://your-application.com/audio.mp3"), loop: 15);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3', loop=15)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.play(loop: 15, url: 'https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
end

puts response.to_s

Attribute

loop optional The loop attribute determines how many times an audio file is played. If no loop is specified, it will default to 1, which means the audio file will only play once. If loop is set to '0', <Play> will continue looping until the call has ended.

digits optional The digits attribute allows you to play DTMF tones throughout a call. If pauses are required in between your DTMF tones, the character w can be used. w adds a pause of 0.5 seconds for each occurrence, so www would render a pause of 1.5 seconds.

Note that this attribute simply plays tones into a call. To enter an extension when making a call, use the sendDigits attribute for the noun <Number> of the verb <Dial>.

Attribute
`loop` optional	The `loop` attribute determines how many times an audio file is played. If no `loop` is specified, it will default to 1, which means the audio file will only play once. If `loop` is set to '0', `<Play>` will continue looping until the call has ended.
`digits` optional	The `digits` attribute allows you to play DTMF tones throughout a call. If pauses are required in between your DTMF tones, the character w can be used. w adds a pause of 0.5 seconds for each occurrence, so www would render a pause of 1.5 seconds. Note that this attribute simply plays tones into a call. To enter an extension when making a call, use the `sendDigits` attribute for the noun `<Number>` of the verb `<Dial>`.

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Play> has the following noun:

Noun
`plain text`	The URL of the audio file that will be played to the caller.

MIME Types

The following are the MIME types supported by SignalWire:

Type
`audio/mpeg`	mpeg layer 3 audio
`audio/wav`	wav format audio
`audio/wave`	wav format audio
`audio/x-wav`	wav format audio
`audio/aiff`	audio interchange file format
`audio/x-aifc`	audio interchange file format
`audio/x-aiff`	audio interchange file format
`audio/x-gsm`	GSM audio format
`audio/gsm`	GSM audio format
`audio/ulaw`	μ-law audio format

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Play>. However, <Play> can be nested within <Gather>. In this case, the verb attribute digits is not supported.

Examples

Play a Simple Audio File

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Play>https://your-application.com/audio.mp3</Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Play(new Uri("https://your-application.com/audio.mp3"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.play('https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.play(url: 'https://your-application.com/audio.mp3')
end

puts response.to_s

The simplest case for <Play>: SignalWire downloads the specified audio file and plays it to the caller.

Use DTMF Tones in Calls

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Play digits="wwwww9"></Play>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.play({ digits: 'wwwww9' })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->play(array( 'digits' => 'wwwww9' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Play("", digits: "wwwww9");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Play

response = VoiceResponse()
response.play(digits='wwwww9')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.play(digits: 'wwwww9')
end

puts response.to_s

As described in the attributes section, the character w produces a 0.5 second pause. In this example, SignalWire will wait 2.5 seconds before playing the digit '9'.

Notes on Usage

Audio files that are longer than 40 minutes should be split into smaller files, as it may result in a dropped call.
Since it takes some time to download and cache files from your server, slight delays may occur the first time an audio file is played. In this case, SignalWire may play a tone during download.
SignalWire attempts to cache files only when allowed by HTTP headers (ETag and Last-Modified). Always check for a new version of the file with a response of Cache-Control: no-cache. This enables your server to respond with a new version, or with a '304 Not Modified', which tells SignalWire to use the cached version.
The degradation that occurs when transcoding high bitrate, lossy encoded files, such as 128kbps MP3 files, can take a long time, resulting in audio that sounds worse than those in lossless 8kbps formats.
SignalWire transcodes all audio files into a format that is identifiable by the telephone network. Telephones typically do not support high bitrate audio, so playback results in lower-quality audio.

<Record>

The <Record> verb creates an audio file with the caller's voice and returns the URL to you. Text transcriptions of these recorded calls can also be produced.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes in an absolute or relative URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL when recording is completed. The current document's URL will be requested if no `action` is provided. There is no way to return to any instructions listed after the `<Record>` verb. See below for specified request parameters.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`timeout` optional	The `timeout` attribute specifies the number of seconds of silence that ends a recording.
`finishOnKey` optional	The set of digits, (0-9, *, #), that can end a recording.
`maxLength` optional	The maximum length, in seconds, of the recording.
`playBeep` optional	Whether or not a sound is played before the start of a recording. Default is true.
`trim` optional	Whether or not silence in the beginning and end of recordings are removed. Default value `trim-silence` follows this behavior.
`recordingStatusCallback` optional	The `recordingStatusCallback` attribute takes in an absolute or relative URL. SignalWire will make a `GET` or `POST` request to this URL when recording is accessible. See below for specified request parameters.
`recordingStatusCallbackEvent` optional	The different recording statuses. Possible values are `completed`, `in-progress`, and `absent`. To specify multiple events, separate with a space. Defaults to `completed`.
`recordingStatusCallbackMethod` optional	The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a `recordingStatusCallback`. Default is `POST`.
`storageUrl` optional	The `storageUrl` attribute accepts an absolute URL as the destination to send a recording to, if you prefer to host your own recordings and bypass SignalWire storage.
`storageUrlMethod` optional	Specifies which HTTP verb to use when sending the recording to the `storageUrl`. Available values are: POST and PUT. Defaults to POST.
`transcribe` optional	The `transcribe` attribute identifies whether to produce a text transcription of the recording. There is an additional charge for this service, so is turned off by default.
`transcribeCallback` optional	The ability to define a URL to which SignalWire will make a `POST` request to once the transcription is complete. See below for specified request parameters.

* Please note that if no audio data is received, a recording will not be saved, a request will not be made to any Action url that is set, and the document will continue to be processed with the next verb after Record. This also applies when only silence is detected and 'trim-silence' is set, resulting in no actual audio content remaining to save.

The action request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL of the recorded audio file.
`RecordingDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the audio recording.
`Digits` string	The buttons pressed to end a recording.

The recordingStatusCallback request contains the following parameters:

Parameter
`AccountSid` string	The unique ID of the Account this call is associated with.
`CallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call. May be used to later retrieve this message from the REST API.
`RecordingSid` string	The unique identifier for the recording.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL for the audio recording.
`RecordingStatus` string	The status of the recording.
`RecordingDuration` integer	The duration, in seconds, of the recording.
`RecordingChannels` integer	The number of channels in the recording.
`RecordingSource` string	The type of call that initiated the recording.

The transcribeCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`TranscriptionSid` string	The unique, 34 character ID of the transcription.
`TranscriptionText` string	The text of the transcription.
`TranscriptionStatus` string	The status of the transcription (completed or failed).
`TranscriptionUrl` string	The URL for the transcription's REST API resource.
`RecordingSid` string	The unique, 34 character identifier for the recording from which the transcription was generated from.
`RecordingUrl` string	The URL for the audio recording from which the transcription was generated from.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Record> and you cannot nest
<Record> within any other verbs.

Examples

A Simple Recording

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Record/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.record()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->record();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Record();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Record

response = VoiceResponse()
response.record()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.record
end

puts response.to_s

The caller will hear a 'beep' and the recording will begin.

Recording a Voicemail

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>
        Please leave a message at the beep.
        Press the pound key when finished.
    </Say>
    <Record
        action="http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php"
        method="GET"
        maxLength="15"
        finishOnKey="#"
        />
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Please leave a message at the beep. Press the pound key when finished.')
response.record({ action: 'http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php', method: 'GET', maxLength: 15, finishOnKey: '#' })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Please leave a message at the beep. Press the pound key when finished.');
  $response->record(array(
    'action' => 'http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php',
    'method' => 'GET',
    'maxLength' => 15,
    'finishOnKey' => '#'
  ));
  echo $response;
?>


using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.Http;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Please leave a message at the beep. Press the pound key when finished.");
        response.Record(action: new Uri("http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php"),
            method: HttpMethod.Get, maxLength: 15, finishOnKey: "#");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Record, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Please leave a message at the beep. Press the pound key when finished.')
response.record(action='http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php', method='GET', max_length=15, finish_on_key='#')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'Please leave a message at the beep. Press the pound key when finished.')
  response.record(action: 'http://your-application.com/handleRecording.php', method: 'GET', max_length: 15, finish_on_key: '#')
end

puts response.to_s

This prompt will play before the 'beep', asking the caller to leave a message. The caller can only leave a message that is 15s long.

Transcribing a Recording

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Record
        transcribe="true"
        transcribeCallback="http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php" />
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.record({ transcribe: true, transcribeCallback: 'http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php' })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->record(array(
    'transcribe' => true,
    'transcribeCallback' => 'http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php'
  ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Record(transcribe: true,
            transcribeCallback: new Uri("http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Record

response = VoiceResponse()
response.record(transcribe=True, transcribe_callback='http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.record(transcribe: true, transcribe_callback: 'http://your-application.com/handle_transcribe.php')
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will record the caller and transcribe the recording once it is complete. Then, SignalWire will make a POST request to the
transcribeCallback URL with the transcription as a parameter.

Notes on Usage

SignalWire will trim leading and trailing silence from your audio files, causing the duration of calls to be less than the time spent recording.

<Redirect>

An example that redirects next LaML instruction to another call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Redirect>https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions</Redirect>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.redirect('https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->redirect('https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.Http;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Redirect(new Uri("https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Redirect

response = VoiceResponse()
response.redirect('https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.redirect('https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')
end

puts response.to_s

The <Redirect> verb transfers control from the current call to another. It is effectively an exit statement from the current call, as there is no way to return to any instructions listed after the verb.

Verb Attributes

The following attribute is available for the verb <Redirect>:

Attribute
`method` optional	Specifies whether the redirect is a `GET` or a `POST`. Default value is `POST`.

Nouns

Noun
`plain text`	The URL, in plain text, of the call to execute.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Redirect> and you cannot nest <Redirect> within any other verbs.

Examples

Redirect to absolute URL

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Dial>310-123-0000</Dial>
    <Redirect>http://www.your-application.com/next-instructions</Redirect>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.dial('310-123-0000')
response.redirect('http://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->dial('310-123-0000');
  $response->redirect('http://www.your-application.com/next-instructions');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;

class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Dial("310-123-0000");
        response.Redirect(new Uri("http://www.your-application.com/next-instructions"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Dial, Redirect

response = VoiceResponse()
response.dial('310-123-0000')
response.redirect('http://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.dial(number: '310-123-0000')
  response.redirect('https://www.your-application.com/next-instructions')
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire makes a request after the number has been dialed and transfers the call to the LaML received through the request.

<Refer>

The <Refer> verb transfers a SIP call in SignalWire to a transfer target using the SIP REFER method. This verb returns upon completion of transfer, on failure of transfer, on hangup, or on time out while waiting for NOTIFY. SignalWire will not hangup after <Refer> until all verbs have been processed.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes an absolute or relative URL. On completion of the transfer, a request to this URL is made. If `action` is not provided, SignalWire will continue reading the next verb in the document. See below for specified request parameters.
`method` optional	Specifies whether the action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Default value is `POST`.

The action request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`ReferCallStatus` string	The result of the transfer based on the reply to the SIP REFER method and the SIP NOTIFY events received afterwards. This parameter will not be reported if no SIP NOTIFY events are received. See below for all possible values.
`ReferSipResponseCode` string	The code received in response to the SIP REFER method. 202 when accepted.
`NotifySipResponseCode` string	The last response code reported by the SIP NOTIFY events. This is the code sent by the transfer target in response to the SIP INVITE method. This parameter will not reported if no SIP NOTIFY events are received.

The parameter ReferCallStatus has the following values:

Value
`in-progress`	SIP REFER accepted and SignalWire received 200 via SIP NOTIFY.
`busy`	SIP REFER accepted and SignalWire received 486 or 600 via SIP NOTIFY.
`no-answer`	SIP REFER accepted and SignalWire received 487 via SIP NOTIFY.
`canceled`	SIP REFER accepted, however the call ended before the transfer completed.
`failed`	An error occurred through the `<Refer>` verb, an error received in response to SIP REFER, or a 4xx/5xx/6xx error was received via SIP NOTIFY.

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Refer> has the following nouns:

Noun
`<Sip>`	The SIP URI to which to transfer this call.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Refer> and you cannot nest
<Refer> within any other verbs.

Examples

Transfer to SIP URI

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Refer action="https://example.com/refer-completed.xml" method="GET"><Sip>sip:transfer-target@example.com</Sip></Refer>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

const refer = response.refer({ action: 'https://example.com/refer-completed.xml', method: 'GET' })
refer.sip('sip:transfer-target@example.com')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $refer = $response->refer(['action' => 'https://example.com/refer-completed.xml', 'method' => 'GET']);
  $refer->sip('sip:transfer-target@example.com');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var refer = response.Refer(action: new Uri("https://example.com/refer-completed.xml"), method: Twilio.Http.HttpMethod.Get);
        refer.sip(new Uri("sip:transfer-target@example.com"));
        response.append(refer);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Refer

response = VoiceResponse()
refer = response.refer(action='https://example.com/refer-completed.xml', method='GET')
refer.sip('sip:transfer-target@example.com')
response.append(refer)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  refer = response.refer(action: 'https://example.com/refer-completed.xml', method: 'GET') do |refer|
    refer.sip('sip:transfer-target@example.com')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

<Reject>

The <Reject> verb rejects a call to your SignalWire number. It is effectively an exit statement from the current document, as there is no way to return to any instructions listed after the <Reject> verb.

Verb Attributes

Attribute

reason optional The reason attribute takes in the following values: busy and rejected. These values specify what message is to be played when SignalWire rejects a call. If this value is set to busy, the caller receives a busy signal and the call is terminated with the status busy. If this value is set to rejected, the caller receives a standard "This number is not in service" response and the call is terminated with the status no answer. Default value is rejected.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Reject> and you cannot nest <Reject> within any other verbs.

Examples

A Simple Rejection of a Call

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Reject />
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.reject()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->reject();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Reject();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Reject

response = VoiceResponse()
response.reject()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.reject
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will reject the call and the caller will receive a standard "This number is not in service" response.

Busy Signal Rejection

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Reject reason="busy" />
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.reject({ reason: 'busy' })
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->reject(array( 'reason' => 'busy' ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Reject(reason: "busy");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Reject

response = VoiceResponse()
response.reject(reason='busy')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.reject(reason: busy)
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will reject the call and the caller will receive a busy signal.

<Say>

The <Say> verb reads the supplied text back to the caller. It is useful for text that is difficult to pre-record. The gender and language in which the text will be read is customizable.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`voice` optional	The attribute `voice` supports: man, woman, alice, Amazon Polly voices by prefixing them with `Polly.`, Amazon Polly Neural voices by prefixing them with `Polly.` and ending them with `-Neural`, Google Cloud voices by prefixing them with `gcloud.`. Polly Neural and Google Wavenet voices are charged a premium price compared to Polly Standard and Google Standard voices. Default is woman for most languages. alice is deprecated and provided for backward compatibility. See below for language specifications on each of these voices.
`loop` optional	The attribute `loop` specifies the number of times a text is to be repeated. If `loop` is set to 0, the text will be continuously repeated until the call is terminated. Default behavior is one repetition.
`language` optional	The attribute `language` allows you to specify the dialect (language and locale) of `voice`. See below for all language specifications.

The available Amazon Polly voices are here

The available Google Cloud voices are here

The following languages are permitted:

Value

language default: en arb [Arabic, Modern Standard]
ar-AR [Arabic, Modern Standard]
ar-XA [Arabic] gcloud
bn-IN [Bengali, India] gcloud
yue-HK [Chinese, Hong Kong] gcloud
cmn-CN [Chinese, Mandarin] gcloud
cmn-TW [Chinese, Mandarin] gcloud
zh-CN [Chinese, Mandarin]
cs-CZ [Czech, Czech Republic] gcloud
cy-GB [Welsh, UK]
da-DK [Danish, Denmark]
de [German, Germany]
de-DE [German, Germany]
en [English, United States]
en-AU [English, Australia]
en-CA [English, Canada]
en-GB [English, UK]
en-GB-WLS [English, Wales]
en-IN [English, India]
en-US [English, United States]
es [Spanish, United States]
es-ES [Spanish, Spain]
es-MX [Spanish, Mexico]
es-US [Spanish, United States]
fil-PH [Filipino, Phillipines] gcloud
fi-FI [Finnish, Finland] gcloud
fr [French, France]
fr-CA [French, Canada]
fr-FR [French, France]
el-GR [Greek, Greece] gcloud
gu-IN [Gujarati, India] gcloud
hi-IN [Hindi, India]
hu-HU [Hungarian, Hungary] gcloud
is-IS [Icelandic, Iceland]
id-ID [Indonesian, Indonesia] gcloud
it [Italian, Italy]
it-IT [Italian, Italy]
ja-JP [Japanese, Japan]
kn-IN [Kannada, India] gcloud
ko-KR [Korean, Korea]
ml-IN [Malayalam, India] gcloud
morse [Morse Code, Dit Dah]
nb-NO [Norwegian, Norway]
nl-NL [Dutch, Netherlands]
pl-PL [Polish, Poland]
pt-BR [Portuguese, Brazil]
pt-PT [Portuguese, Portugal]
ro-RO [Romanian, Romania]
ru-RU [Russian, Russia]
sk-SK [Slovak, Slovakia] gcloud
sv-SE [Swedish, Sweden]
ta-IN [Tamil, India] gcloud
te-IN [Telugu, India] gcloud
th-TH [Thai, Thailand] gcloud
tr-TR [Turkish, Turkey]
uk-UA [Ukrainian, Ukraine] gcloud
vi-VN [Vietnamese, Vietnam] gcloud

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Say> has the following noun:

Noun
`plain text` limit: 4,096 unicode characters	The text that will be read to the caller.

SSML

Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is an XML-based markup language that provides a standard way to mark up text for synthesized speech.

SSML is usually wrapped within <speak> tags. But, when using SSML with the <Say> verb, you can ignore those <speak> tags. The rest of the SSML tags will be placed inside the <Say> verb.

Below are the supported SSML tags.

Tag
`<break>`	A pause in speech. Set the length of the pause with the `time` attribute. Maximum pause time is 10s. Include the unit `s` or `ms` when setting a `time`. The `strength` attribute can also be used for pauses. See below for possible values.
`<emphasis>`	Emphasize words or phrases. This tag changes the rate and volume of speech. More emphasis generates louder and slower speech while less emphasis generates quieter and faster speech. Emphasis can be modified with the `level` attribute. See below for possible values.
`<lang>`	Specify another language for specific words or phrases. Set the language with the `xml:lang` attribute. Possible languages are: `en-US`, `en-GB`, `en-IN`, `en-AU`, `en-CA`, `de-DE`, `es-ES`, `it-IT`, `ja-JP`, `fr-FR` (English, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, French).
`<p>`	Add a pause between paragraphs.
`<phoneme>`	Phonetic pronunciation for specified words or phrases. Set the phonetic alphabet to use with the `alphabet` attribute. See below for possible values. In addition, you can use the `ph` attribute to set the phonetic pronunciation to speak. See here for a list of supported symbols.
`<prosody>`	Modify the `volume`, `pitch`, and `rate` of the tagged speech.
`<s>`	Add a pause between sentences.
`<say-as>`	Describe how text should be interpreted. See below for all the possible values of the `interpret-as` attribute.
`<sub>`	Pronounce the specified word or phrase as a different word or phrase. Specify the pronunciation to substitute with the `alias` attribute.

The strength attribute has the following values. Default is medium.

Value
`none`	No pause. Can be used to remove a pause that would normally occur.
`x-weak`	No pause.
`weak`	Treat adjacent words as if separated by a single comma.
`medium`	Treat adjacent words as if separated by a single comma.
`strong`	Sentence break.
`x-strong`	Paragraph break.

The level attribute has the following values. Default is moderate.

Value
`strong`	Increase the volume and slow down the speaking rate. Speech is louder and slower.
`moderate`	Increase the volume and slow down the speaking rate, but not as much as `strong`.
`moderate`	Decrease the volume and speed up the speaking rate. Speech is softer and faster.

The alphabet attribute has the following values.

Value
`ipa`	The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
`x-sampa`	The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA).

The volume attribute has the following values. Set the volume with one of the values below. Then, you can specify a percentage to increase or decrease the volume of the speech. See here for more information.

Value
`silent`	No volume.
`x-soft`	Lowest volume.
`soft`	Lower volume.
`medium`	Normal volume.
`loud`	Louder volume.
`x-loud`	Loudest volume.

The pitch attribute has the following values. Set the pitch with one of the values below. Then, you can specify a percentage to increase or decrease the pitch of the speech. See here for more information.

Value
`x-low`	Lowest pitch.
`low`	Lower pitch.
`medium`	Normal pitch.
`high`	Higher pitch.
`x-high`	Highest pitch.

The rate attribute has the following values. Set the rate with one of the values below. Then, you can specify a percentage to increase or decrease the speed of the speech. See here for more information.

Value
`x-slow`	Slowest rate.
`slow`	Slower rate.
`medium`	Normal rate.
`fast`	Faster rate.
`x-fast`	Fastest rate.

The interpret-as attribute has the following values.

Value
`characters`	Spell out each letter.
`spell-out`	Spell out each letter.
`cardinal`	Interpret value as cardinal number.
`number`	Interpret value as cardinal number.
`ordinal`	Interpret value as ordinal number.
`digits`	Spell each digit separately.
`fraction`	Interpret value as fraction.
`unit`	Interpret value as measurement.
`date`	Interpret value as a date. Use `format` attribute to indicate format of date: `mdy`, `dmy`, `ymd`, `md`, `dm`, `ym`, `my`, `d`, `m`, `y`.
`time`	Interpret as a duration of minutes and seconds.
`telephone`	Interpret as telephone number.
`address`	Interpret as part of a street address.
`interjection`	Interpret as an interjection.
`expletive`	"Bleep" out content in tag.

Example

<Response>
  <Say>
    Welcome to SignalWire
    <break strength="x-weak" time="100ms"/>
    <emphasis level="moderate">Emphasized words</emphasis>
    <p>Words in a paragraph</p>
    <phoneme alphabet="x-sampa" ph="pɪˈkɑːn">Phonetic pronunciation</phoneme>
    <prosody pitch="-10%" rate="85%" volume="-6dB">Words to speak</prosody>
    <s>Words in a sentence.</s>
    <say-as interpret-as="spell-out">Words</say-as>
    <sub alias="alias">Words to be substituted</sub>
  </Say>
</Response>

Here is an example of how to use some of the SSML tags within the Say verb.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Say>. However, <Say> can be nested within <Gather>.

Examples

A Simple Message to be Read

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Say>Hello World.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Hello World.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Hello World.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Hello World.");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Hello World.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'Hello World.')
end

puts response.to_s

'Hello World' will be read once in a male voice.

A Simple Message to be Read using Amazon Polly voice

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Say voice="Polly.Joanna">Hello World.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say({voice:'Polly.Joanna'}, 'Hello World.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Hello World.', ['voice' => 'Polly.Joanna']);
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Hello World.", voice: "Polly.Joanna");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Hello World.', voice='Polly.Joanna')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(voice: 'Polly.Joanna', message: 'Hello World.')
end

puts response.to_s

'Hello World' will be read once using the Amazon Polly "Joanna" voice.

A Simple Message to be Read using Amazon Polly Neural voice

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Say voice="Polly.Joanna-Neural">Hello World.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say({voice:'Polly.Joanna-Neural'}, 'Hello World.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Hello World.', ['voice' => 'Polly.Joanna-Neural']);
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Hello World.", voice: "Polly.Joanna-Neural");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Hello World.', voice='Polly.Joanna-Neural')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(voice: 'Polly.Joanna-Neural', message: 'Hello World.')
end

puts response.to_s

'Hello World' will be read once using the Amazon Polly "Joanna" Neural voice. Amazon Polly Neural voices are charged a premium price compared to Amazon Polly Standard voices.

A Simple Message to be Read using Google Cloud text-to-speech voice

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Say voice="gcloud.en-US-Standard-A">Hello World.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say({voice:'gcloud.en-US-Standard-A'}, 'Hello World.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Hello World.', ['voice' => 'gcloud.en-US-Standard-A']);
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Hello World.", voice: "gcloud.en-US-Standard-A");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Hello World.', voice='gcloud.en-US-Standard-A')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(voice: 'gcloud.en-US-Standard-A', message: 'Hello World.')
end

puts response.to_s

'Hello World' will be read once using the Google Cloud text-to-speech en-US-Standard-A voice.

Repetition of a Message in a Foreign Language

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
     <Say voice="alice" language="fr-CA" loop="5">Bonjour.</Say>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say({ voice: 'alice', language: 'fr-CA', loop: 5 }, 'Bonjour.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->say('Bonjour', array(
    'voice' => 'alice',
    'language' => 'fr-CA',
    'loop' => 5
  ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Bonjour.", voice: "alice", language: "fr-CA", loop: 5);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Say

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Bonjour.', voice='alice', language='fr-CA', loop=5)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.say(message: 'Bonjour.', voice: 'alice', language: 'fr-CA', loop: 5)
end

puts response.to_s

'Hello' will be repeated 5 times in Canadian French.

Notes on Usage

There is a 4,096 Unicode character limit on the text
Numbers are spoken, or read, based on context. For example, '234' is read as "two hundred thirty-four", whereas '2 3 4' is read as "two three four".
Short pauses in spoken text are accomplished by inserting punctuations, i.e. commas and periods, in the written text. For longer pauses, place text in a separate <Say> verbs and place a <Pause> verb in between them.
Dates, times, money amounts, and abbreviations may not follow intuitive pronunciations. Test these situations to ensure they are pronounced to your liking.

<Sms>

The <Sms> verb sends an SMS message to a phone number during a phone call.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`to` optional	The `to` attribute takes a valid phone number as a value. SignalWire will send an SMS message to this number. When sending an SMS during an incoming call, `to` defaults to the caller. When sending an SMS during an outgoing call, `to` defaults to the called party. The value of `to` must be a valid phone number. NOTE: sending to short codes is not currently supported. Phone numbers should be formatted with a `+` and country code e.g., `+17275551212` (E.164 format).
`from` optional	The `from` attribute takes a valid phone number as an argument. This number must be a phone number that you've purchased from or ported to SignalWire. When sending an SMS during an incoming call, `from` defaults to the called party. When sending an SMS during an outgoing call, `from` defaults to the calling party. This number must be an SMS-enabled phone number assigned to your account. If the phone number isn't SMS-enabled, then the `<Sms>` verb will not send an SMS message.
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes a URL as an argument. After processing the `<Sms>` verb, SignalWire will make a GET or POST request to this URL with the form parameters `SmsStatus` and `SmsSid`. Using an `action` URL, your application can receive synchronous notification that the message was successfully enqueued. If you provide an `action` URL, SignalWire will use the LaML received in your response to the `action` URL request to continue the current call. Any LaML verbs occurring after an `<Sms>` which specifies an `action` attribute are unreachable. If no `action` is provided, `<Sms>` will finish and SignalWire will move on to the next LaML verb in the document. If there is no next verb, SignalWire will end the phone call. Note that this is different from the behavior of `<Record>` and `<Gather>`. `<Sms>` does not make a request to the current document's URL by default if no `action` URL is provided. See below for request parameters.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to action is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`. `
`statusCallback` optional	The URL to make requests to for each `statusCallbackEvent` event. See below for request parameters. The `statusCallback` attribute takes a URL as an argument. When the SMS message is actually sent, or if sending fails, SignalWire will make an asynchronous POST request to this URL with the parameters `SmsStatus` and `SmsSid`. Note, `statusCallback` always uses HTTP POST to request the given url.

The action URL request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`SmsSid` string	The Sid for the Sms message.
`SmsStatus` string	The current status of the Sms message. This is usually `sending`. But if you provide an invalid number, this is `invalid`.

The statusCallback request contains the Standard Request Parameters as well as:

Parameter
`SmsSid` string	The Sid for the Sms message.
`SmsStatus` string	The current status of the Sms message. Either `sent` or `failed`.

Nouns

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Sms> has the following nouns:

Noun
plain text	The text of the SMS message you want to send. Must be less than 1600 characters.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Sms> and you cannot nest <Sms> within any other verbs.

Examples

Simple SMS Sending

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>Our store is located at 123 Easy St.</Say>
    <Sms>Store Location: 123 Easy St.</Sms>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.');

console.log(response.toString());

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;
  $response->say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
  $response->sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.');

  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Our store is located at 123 Easy St.");
        response.Sms("Store Location: 123 Easy St.");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Enqueue

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response =  Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new
response.say(message: 'Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.')

puts response

This is the simplest case for <Sms>. SignalWire first tells the caller where the store is located, and then sends the caller an SMS with the location as the message.

SmsStatus reporting

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>Our store is located at 123 Easy St.</Say>
    <Sms action="/smsHandler.php" method="POST">
        Store Location: 123 Easy St.
    </Sms>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
response.sms({
    action: '/smsHandler.php',
    method: 'POST'
}, 'Store Location: 123 Easy St.');

console.log(response.toString());

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;
  $response->say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
  $response->sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.', ['action' => '/smsHandler.php',
    'method' => 'POST']);


  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Our store is located at 123 Easy St.");
        response.Sms("Store Location: 123 Easy St.",
            action: new Uri("/smsHandler.php"), method: Twilio.Http.HttpMethod
            .Post);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Enqueue

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms(
    'Store Location: 123 Easy St.', action='/smsHandler.php', method='POST'
)
print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response =  Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new
response.say(message: 'Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.', action: '/smsHandler.php',
                                             method: 'POST')

puts response

In this use case, we provide action URL and method attributes. Now when the message is queued for delivery, SignalWire will make a request to the action URL passing the parameter SmsStatus. If the message is queued and waiting to be sent, SmsStatus will have the value sending. If an invalid attribute was provided, then SmsStatus will be invalid.

Your web application can look at the SmsStatus parameter and decide what to do next.

If an action URL is provided for <Sms>, flow of your application will continue with the TwiML received in response to the action request. All verbs remaining in the document are unreachable and ignored.

statusCallback reporting

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Say>Our store is located at 123 Easy St.</Say>
    <Sms statusCallback="/smsHandler.php">Store Location: 123 Easy St.</Sms>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
response.sms({
    statusCallback: '/smsHandler.php'
}, 'Store Location: 123 Easy St.');

console.log(response.toString());

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;
  $response->say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.');
  $response->sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.',
    ['statusCallback' => '/smsHandler.php']);

  echo $response;
?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Say("Our store is located at 123 Easy St.");
        response.Sms("Store Location: 123 Easy St.",
            statusCallback: new Uri("/smsHandler.php"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Enqueue

response = VoiceResponse()
response.say('Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.', status_callback='/smsHandler.php')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response =  Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new
response.say(message: 'Our store is located at 123 Easy St.')
response.sms('Store Location: 123 Easy St.', status_callback: '/smsHandler.php')

puts response

In this example we provide a statusCallback URL. When the message is finished sending (not just enqueued), SignalWire will asynchronously request the statusCallback URL with the parameter SmsStatus. If the messages was successfully sent, SmsStatus will be sent. If the message failed to send, SmsStatus will be failed.

<Stream>

The <Stream> instruction makes it possible to send raw audio streams from a running phone call over WebSockets in near real time, to a specified URL. The audio frames themselves are base64 encoded, embedded in a json string, together with other information like sequence number and timestamp. The feature can be used with Speech-To-Text systems and others.

Attributes

An example on how to use Stream.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Start>
     <Stream url="wss://your-application.com/audiostream" />
  </Start>
</Response>

This LAML will instruct Signalwire to make a copy of the audio frames of the current call and send them in near real-time over WebSocket to wss://your-application.com/audiostream.

will start the audio stream asynchronous manner it will continue with the next LAML instruction at once. In case there is no instruction, Signalwire disconnect the call.

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

const start = response.start();
start.stream({
        name: 'Example Audio Stream',
        url: 'wss://your-application.com/audiostream'
});

console.log(response.toString());

<?
use SignalWire\LaML;

$response = new LaML;
$start = $response->start();
$stream = $start->stream(['url' => 'wss://your-application.com/audiostream']);
$stream->parameter(['name' => 'FirstName', 'value' => 'Jane']);
$stream->parameter(['name' => 'LastName', 'value' => 'Doe']);

echo $response;

?>

using System;
using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Voice;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        var start = new Start();
        start.Stream(name: "Example Audio Stream", url: "wss://your-application.com/audiostream");
        response.Append(start);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.voice_response import Parameter, VoiceResponse, Start, Stream

response = VoiceResponse()
start = Start()
stream = Stream(url='wss://your-application.com/audiostream')
stream.parameter(name='FirstName', value='Jane')
stream.parameter(name='LastName', value='Doe')
start.append(stream)
response.append(start)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response =  Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new
response.start do |start|
    start.stream(url: 'wss://your-application.com/audiostream') do |stream|
        stream.parameter(name: 'FirstName', value: 'Jane')
        stream.parameter(name: 'LastName', value: 'Doe')
end
end

puts response

Attribute
`url`	Absolute or relative URL. A WebSocket connection to the url will be established and audio will start flowing towards the Websocket server. The only supported protocol is `wss`. For security reasons `ws` is NOT supported.
`name` optional	Unique name for the Stream, per Call. It is used to stop a Stream by name.
`track` optional	This attribute can be one of: `inbound_track`, `outbound_track`, `both_tracks` . Defaults to `inbound_track`. For `both_tracks` there will be both `inbound_track` and `outbound_track` events.
`statusCallback` optional	Absolute or relative URL. SignalWire will make a HTTP GET or POST request to this URL when a Stream is started, stopped or there is an error.
`statusCallbackMethod` optional	GET or POST. The type of HTTP request to use when requesting a statusCallback. Default is POST.

For a statusCallback, SignalWire will send a request with the following parameters:

Parameter
`AccountSid` string	The unique ID of the Account this call is associated with.
`CallSid` string	A unique identifier for the call. May be used to later retrieve this message from the REST API.
`StreamSid` string	The unique identifier for this Stream.
`StreamName` string	If defined, this is the unique name of the Stream. Defaults to the StreamSid.
`StreamEvent` string	One of `stream-started`, `stream-stopped`, or `stream-error`.
`StreamError` string	If an error has occurred, this will contain a detailed error message.
`Timestamp` string	The time of the event in ISO 8601 format.

Custom Parameters

To pass parameters towards the wss server is possible to include additional key value pairs. It can be done by using the nested LAML noun. These parameters will be added to the Start message, as json.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
   <Start>
     <Stream url="wss://your-application.com/audiostream" >
        <Parameter name="Cookie" value ="948f9938-299a-d43e-0df4-af3a7eccb0ac"/>
        <Parameter name="Type" value ="SIP" />
      </Stream>
    </Start>
</Response>

Stopping a Stream

It is possible to stop a stream at any time by name. For instance by naming the Stream "mystream", you can later use the unique name of "mystream" to stop the stream.

<Start>
    <Stream name="mystream" url="wss://mystream.ngrok.io/audiostream" />
</Start>

<Stop>
   <Stream name="mystream" />
</Stop>

WebSocket Messages

There are 4 separate types of events that occur during the Stream's life cycle. These events are represented via WebSocket Messages: Connected, Start, Media and Stop. Each message sent is a JSON string. The type of event which is occurring can be identified by using the event property of every JSON object.

Connected Message

The first message sent once a WebSocket connection is established is the Connected event. This message describes the protocol to expect in the following messages.

Event
event	The string value of "connected"
protocol	Defines the protocol for the WebSocket connections lifetime. eg: "Call"
version	Semantic version of the protocol.

Example Connected Message

{
 "event": "connected",
 "protocol": "Call",
 "version": "0.2.0"
}

Start Message

This message contains important information about the Stream and is sent immediately after the Connected message. It is only sent once at the start of the Stream.

Event
event	The string value of `start`
sequenceNumber	Number used to keep track of message sending order. First message starts with number "1" and then is incremented.
start	An object containing Stream metadata
start.streamSid	The unique identifier of the Stream.
start.accountSid	The Account identifier that created the Stream.
start.callSid	The Call identifier from where the Stream was started.
start.tracks	An array of values that indicates what media flows to expect in subsequent messages. Values are one of "inbound" or "outbound" or both.
start.customParameters	An object that represents the Custom Parameters that where set when defining the Stream.
start.mediaFormat	An object containing the format of the payload in the Media Messages.
start.mediaFormat.encoding	The encoding of the data in the upcoming payload. Default is "audio/x-mulaw".
start.mediaFormat.sampleRate	The Sample Rate in Hertz of the upcoming audio data. Default value is 8000, which is the rate of PCMU.
start.mediaFormat.channels	The number of channels in the input audio data. Default value is 1. For `both_tracks` it will be 2.

Example Start Message

{
 "event": "start",
 "sequenceNumber": "2",
 "start": {
   "streamSid": "c0c7d59b-df06-435e-afbc-9217ce318390",
   "accountSid": "123abc",
   "callSid": "a30d16a5-0368-4104-afbf-14247e76a63d",
   "tracks": [
     "inbound",
     "outbound"
   ],
   "customParameters": {
     "FirstName": "Jane",
     "LastName": "Doe",
     "RemoteParty": "Bob",
   },
   "mediaFormat": {
     "encoding": "audio/x-mulaw",
     "sampleRate": 8000,
     "channels": 1
   }
 }
}

Media Message

This message type encapsulates the raw audio data.

Event
event	The string value of `media`
sequenceNumber	Number used to keep track of message sending order. First message starts with number "1" and then is incremented for each message.
media	An object containing media metadata and payload.
media.track	One of the strings `inbound` or `outbound`.
media.chunk	The chunk for the message. The first message will begin with number "1" and increment with each subsequent message.
media.timestamp	Presentation Timestamp in Milliseconds from the start of the stream.
media.payload	Raw audio encoded in base64.

Example Media Messages

Outbound

{
 "event": "media",
 "sequenceNumber": "3",
 "media": {
   "track": "outbound",
   "chunk": "1",
   "payload": "iY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//jw=="
 }
}

Inbound

{
 "event": "media",
 "sequenceNumber": "4",
 "media": {
   "track": "inbound",
   "chunk": "1",
   "timestamp": "5",
   "payload": "/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JD/+PiY//DwkP/4+Jj/8PCQ//j4mP/w8JDw=="
 }
}

Stop Message

A stop message will be sent when the Stream is either stopped or the Call has ended.

Example Stop Message

{
 "event": "stop",
 "sequenceNumber": "5"
}

Event
event	The string value of `stop`
sequenceNumber	Number used to keep track of message sending order. First message starts with number "1" and then is incremented for each message.

Notes on Usage

The url does not support query string parameters. To pass custom key value pairs to the WebSocket, make use of Custom Parameters instead.
There is a one to one mapping of a stream to a websocket connection, therefore there will be at most one call being streamed over a single websocket connection. Information will be provided so that you can handle handle multiple inbound connections and manage the association between the unique stream identifier (StreamSid) and the connection.
On any given call there are inbound and outbound tracks, inbound represents the audio Signalwire receives from the call, outbound represents the audio generated by Signalwire for the Call.

Messaging LaML

Messaging LaML is a set of actions defined in an XML document you can use to tell SignalWire what to do when you receive an incoming SMS or MMS message.

Overview

When an SMS or MMS message is sent to one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire looks up the Messaging LaML document from URL you configured, and reads the instructions you provided to determine what to do.

Messaging LaML allows you to dynamically control what happens, responding with specific instructions based on the caller, time of day, incoming message, and much more.

Request For LaML

SignalWire makes an HTTP request to your configured endpoint just like a regular web form submission (POST) or page load (GET). Including contextual information about the message in the request to your endpoint, allows you to respond dynamically and fluidly to the message to meet the needs of your application.

You can configure the endpoint URL and HTTP Method in your phone number settings panel on your SignalWire dashboard, or via the REST API.

Request Parameters

SignalWire sends the following parameters, as either URL query parameters or POST parameters, to your endpoint when it receives a message:

Parameter
MessageSid string	A unique identifier for the message. May be used to later retrieve this message from the REST API.
AccountSid string	The unique ID of the Account this message is associated with.
From string	The phone number that sent this message, in E.164 format.
To string	The phone number of the message recipient, in E.164 format.
Body string	The text body of the message.
NumMedia integer	The number of media items associated with the message.
MediaUrl{X} string only if media present	The URL to the media received in the message. URLs are publicly available but unguessable. Each media entry has its own entry, where X is a zero-based index of the media. Example: `MediaUrl0`
MediaContentType{X} string only if media present	The content-type of the media stored at MediaUrl{X}, where X is a zero-based index of the media. Example: `MediaContentType0`

Responding to SignalWire

An example LaML document that sends two messages back to the sender when a message is received.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message>Hello from SignalWire!</Message>
    <Message>Thanks for your message.</Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')
response.message('Thanks for your message.')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->message('Hello from SignalWire!');
  $response->message('Thanks for your message.');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        response.Message("Hello from SignalWire!");
        response.Message("Thanks for your message.")

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')
response.message('Thanks for your message.')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message(body: 'Hello from SignalWire!')
  response.message(body: 'Thanks for your message.')
end

puts response.to_s

Responses to the HTTP request are in LaML. SignalWire starts at the top of your LaML document and executes your LaML commands in order, from top to bottom.

LaML verbs and their attributes are case sensitive, so using <message> instead of <Message> will result in an error.

Status Callbacks

SignalWire can send your application callbacks at various lifecycle stages of your message. Status callbacks do not allow you change the application execution directly, so callbacks do not have to respond with LaML, but they allow your application to get updates as a message is happening.

You should respond to any callbacks with a 200 OK or 204 No Content, otherwise you will see failures in your application log on SignalWire.

MIME Types

The following are the MIME types supported by SignalWire:

Type
`audio/mp4`	mpeg layer 4 audio
`audio/mpeg`	mpeg layer 3 audio
`audio/mpeg3`	mpeg layer 3 audio
`audio/ogg`	ogg audio
`audio/vorbis`	audio compression format
`audio/vnd.wav`	wav format audio
`audio/ac3`	codec format audio
`audio/amr`	codec format audio
`audio/midi`	musical instrument digital interface format
`image/jpeg`	jpeg format image
`image/gif`	graphics interchange format
`image/png`	portable network graphics format
`image/bmp`	bitmap image format
`text/plain`	text file format
`text/calendar`	text file format
`text/vcard`	text file format
`text/x-vcard`	text file format
`video/mpeg`	mpeg video format
`video/mp4`	mpeg layer 4 video format
`video/quicktime`	quicktime video
`video/h264`	video compression format
`video/3gp`	media container format

<Message>

An example message that responds to the sender.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message>Hello from SignalWire!</Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->message('Hello from SignalWire!');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        response.Message("Hello from SignalWire!");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message(body: 'Hello from SignalWire!')
end

puts response.to_s

The <Message> verb sends an SMS or MMS message to a phone number.

Verb Attributes

An example message with further instructions returned from the action request.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message action="https://your-application.com/followup"
             method="GET">
        Hello from SignalWire!
    </Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

response.message({ action: 'https://your-application.com/followup', method: 'GET' }, 'Hello from SignalWire!')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->message('Hello from SignalWire!', array(
    'action' => 'https://your-application.com/followup',
    'method' => 'GET'
  ));
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.Http;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        response.Message("Hello from SignalWire",
            action: new Uri("https://your-application.com/followup"), method: HttpMethod.Get);

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
response.message('Hello from SignalWire!', action='https://your-application.com/followup', method="GET")

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message(action: 'https://your-application.com/followup', method: 'GET', message: 'Hello from SignalWire!')
end

puts response.to_s

Attribute
`to` optional	The `to` attribute takes a valid phone number in E.164 format as an argument. The message is sent to this phone number. If no `to` is specified, the message is sent as a reply to the incoming message sender.
`from` optional	The `from` attribute takes a valid phone number in E.164 format or short code. If no `from` is specified, it defaults to the number that received the message. You can only specify `from` phone numbers or short codes that you have purchased from SignalWire and which are capable of messaging.
`action` optional	The `action` attribute takes a URL endpoint that is expected to return a LaML document to override control flow. The endpoint receives a callback with the standard message request parameters as well as `MessageStatus` and `ErrorCode` and expect a valid LaML document in return. The next instructions to be executed are the verbs returned in response to the `action` endpoint request. For example, any verbs following a `<Message>` verb with its `action` attribute set are unreachable, as flow control will be passed onto the response from the `action` request.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to `action` is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.

Message Status

The MessageStatus parameter is sent with requests to the action endpoint or to statusCallback URLs. It determines whether the message was successfully sent or if there were problem with delivery.

Valid message statuses are: queued, sending, sent, failed, delivered

Nouns

An example Message verb using nested nouns

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message>
        <Body>Hello from SignalWire!</Body>
        <Media>https://link.to/your-media-file</Media>
    </Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

message = response.message()
message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $message = $response->message('');
  $message->body('Hello from SignalWire!');
  $message->media('https://link.to/your-media-file');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Messaging;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        var message = new Message();
        message.Body("Hello from SignalWire!");
        message.Media(new Uri("https://link.to/your-media-file"));

        response.Append(message);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, Media, Body, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
message = Message()
message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
response.append(message)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message do |message|
    message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
    message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

The noun of a LaML verb is nested within the verb upon which the verb acts. <Message> has the following nouns:

Noun
`plain text`	The text of the message you want to send.
`<Body>`	The text of the message you want to send. If more than one `<Body>` noun is present, the text will be concatenated together into a single string. The maximum body size allowed is 1600 characters.
`<Media>`	The URL of media to include in the message. If you wish to send multiple media in a single message, use multiple `<Media>` nouns. You can have a maximum of 10 media URLs per message.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Message> and you cannot nest <Message> within any other verbs.

Examples

Send a simple SMS

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message>Hello from SignalWire!</Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->message('Hello from SignalWire!');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        response.Message("Hello from SignalWire!");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
response.message('Hello from SignalWire!')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message(body: 'Hello from SignalWire!')
end

puts response.to_s

The simplest case for <Message>: SignalWire responds to an inbound message with a "hello" message, from the number that received the message.

Send an image with your message (MMS)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message>
        <Body>Hello from SignalWire!</Body>
        <Media>https://link.to/your-media-file</Media>
    </Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

message = response.message()
message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $message = $response->message('');
  $message->body('Hello from SignalWire!');
  $message->media('https://link.to/your-media-file');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Messaging;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        var message = new Message();
        message.Body("Hello from SignalWire!");
        message.Media(new Uri("https://link.to/your-media-file"));

        response.Append(message);
        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, Media, Body, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
message = Message()
message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
response.append(message)

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message do |message|
    message.body('Hello from SignalWire!')
    message.media('https://link.to/your-media-file')
  end
end

puts response.to_s

Add a picture to the message by specifying a URL with a nested <Media> noun. The <Body> noun is optional if you are sending media and you do not want to send text with your media in the message.

Send a Message and Respond Based on Status

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Message action="https://your-application.com/followup"
             method="GET">
        Hello from SignalWire!
    </Message>
    <Message>I am unreachable!</Message>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.MessagingResponse()

response.message({ action: 'https://your-application.com/followup', method: 'GET' }, 'Hello from SignalWire!')
response.message('I am unreachable!')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->message('Hello from SignalWire!', array(
    'action' => 'https://your-application.com/followup',
    'method' => 'GET'
  ));
  $response->message('I am unreachable!');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.Http;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new MessagingResponse();
        response.Message("Hello from SignalWire!",
            action: new Uri("https://your-application.com/followup"), method: HttpMethod.Get);
        response.Message("I am unreachable!");

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from twilio.twiml.messaging_response import Message, MessagingResponse

response = MessagingResponse()
response.message('Hello from SignalWire!', action='https://your-application.com/followup', method="GET")
response.message('I am unreachable!')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::MessagingResponse.new do |response|
  response.message(action: 'https://your-application.com/followup', method: 'GET', message: 'Hello from SignalWire!')
  response.message(body: 'I am unreachable!')
end

puts response.to_s

This example allows us to follow up with further actions based on whether the message is sent or not. The URL https://your-application.com/followup receives a GET request with the message's parameters and includes the MessageStatus, either invalid, sending or failed.

The LaML document returned from your application determines what to do next. You could do nothing, or if the MessageStatus was failed, you could alert the user with a different <Message>.

With the action attribute is present, the remaining verbs in the document are unreachable because control is passed off to the response rather than continuing on in the document.

<Redirect>

An example message that redirects next LaML instruction to another document

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Redirect>https://your-application.com/next-instructions</Redirect>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.redirect('https://your-application.com/next-instructions')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->redirect('https://your-application.com/next-instructions');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Redirect(new Uri("https://your-application.com/next-instructions"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import Redirect, VoiceResponse

response = VoiceResponse()
response.redirect('https://your-application.com/next-instructions')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.redirect('https://your-application.com/next-instructions')
end

puts response.to_s

The <Redirect> verb transfers control from the current document to another. It is effectively an exit statement from the current document, as there is no way to return to any instructions listed after the <Redirect> verb.

Verb Attributes

The following attribute is available for the verb <Redirect>:

Attribute
`method` optional	Specifies whether the redirect is a `GET` or a `POST`. Default value is `POST`.

Nouns

The following item is accepted as a noun for the <Redirect> verb:

Noun
URL	The URL, in plain text, of the document to execute.

Nesting

No other verbs can be nested within <Redirect> and you cannot nest <Redirect> within any other verbs.

Examples

Redirect to absolute URL

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
    <Redirect>http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml</Redirect>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.VoiceResponse()

response.redirect('http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml')
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->redirect('http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml');
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new VoiceResponse();
        response.Redirect(new Uri("http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.voice_response import Redirect, VoiceResponse

response = VoiceResponse()
response.redirect('http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml')

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::VoiceResponse.new do |response|
  response.redirect('http://www.somesite.com/NextDoc.xml')
end

puts response.to_s

To continue processing this message using the instructions in another document, specify the absolute URL of that document as the noun to the <Redirect> verb.

Fax LaML

Fax LaML is a set of actions defined in an XML document you can use to tell SignalWire what to do when you receive an incoming fax.

Overview

When a fax is sent to one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire looks up the Fax LaML document from the URL you configured, and reads the instructions you provided to determine what to do.

Fax LaML allows you to control what SignalWire will do when you receive an incoming fax.

Request for LaML

SignalWire makes an HTTP request to your configured endpoint just like a regular web form submission (POST) or page load (GET). The request includes contextual information about the fax, allowing you to respond dynamically and fluidly to the fax to meet the needs of your application.

You can configure the endpoint URL and HTTP Method in your phone number settings panel on your SignalWire dashboard, or via the REST API.

Request Parameters

SignalWire sends the following parameters, as either URL query parameters or POST parameters, to your endpoint when it receives a fax:

Parameter
`FaxSid` string	A unique identifier for the fax.
`AccountSid` string	The account that the fax was sent from.
`To` string	The number or SIP URI the fax will be sent to.
`From` string	The number or SIP From the fax was sent from.
`ApiVersion` string	The version of the SignalWire API.

Responding to SignalWire

An example of a LaML document that receives an incoming fax.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Receive action="/fax/received"/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.FaxResponse()

response.receive({ action: "/fax/received" })
console.log(response.toString())

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Fax;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new FaxResponse();
        response.Receive(action: "/fax/received"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.fax_response import FaxResponse, Receive

response = FaxResponse()
response.receive(action="/fax/received")

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::FaxResponse.new do |response|
  response.receive(action: "/fax/received")
end

puts response.to_s

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->receive(array( 'action' => '/fax/received' ));
  echo $response;
?>

When a fax comes into one of your SignalWire phone numbers, SignalWire makes an HTTP request to the URL endpoint you configured for that number. Your response to that request instructs SignalWire on what to do next.

Responses to the HTTP request are in LaML. SignalWire starts at the top of your LaML document and executes your LaML commands in order, from top to bottom.

LaML verbs and their attributes are case sensitive, so using <receive> instead of <Receive> will result in an error.

<Receive>

The <Receive> verb tells SignalWire to receive an incoming fax, which results in the creation of a new Fax instance resource.

Verb Attributes

Attribute
`action` optional	The URL to request when a fax has failed or has been received.
`method` optional	The `method` attribute specifies whether the request to `action` is a `GET` or a `POST`. Valid values are `GET` or `POST`, default value is `POST`.
`mediaType` optional	The type of media used to store fax media. Valid values are `application/pdf` or `image/tiff`. Default is `application/pdf`.
`pageSize` optional	The size to interpret incoming pages as. Valid values are `letter`, `legal`, or `a4`. Default is `letter`.

Action Callback

If the verb attribute action is specified, the action callback will include the Standard Request Parameters plus the following optional parameters:

Parameter
`RemoteStationId` optional	The transmitting subscriber identification (TSID) reported by the fax machine that sent in the fax.
`FaxStatus` optional	The status of the fax.
`NumPages` optional	The number of pages received from a successful fax.
`MediaUrl` optional	The media URL to request to retrieve incoming media.
`ErrorCode` optional	The error code provides more information on a failed fax.
`ErrorMessage` optional	The message explaining the reason for fax failure.

Examples

Receive a Fax

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Receive action="/fax/received"/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.FaxResponse()

response.receive({ action: "/fax/received" })
console.log(response.toString())

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Fax;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new FaxResponse();
        response.Receive(action: "/fax/received"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.fax_response import FaxResponse, Receive

response = FaxResponse()
response.receive(action="/fax/received")

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::FaxResponse.new do |response|
  response.receive(action: "/fax/received")
end

puts response.to_s

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->receive(array( 'action' => '/fax/received' ));
  echo $response;
?>

SignalWire will receive the incoming fax and provide a URL endpoint.

Store Fax Image

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Receive mediaType="image/tiff"></Receive>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.FaxResponse()

response.receive({ mediaType: "image/tiff" })
console.log(response.toString())

using Twilio.TwiML;
using Twilio.TwiML.Fax;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new FaxResponse();
        response.Receive(mediaType: "image/tiff"));

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.fax_response import FaxResponse, Receive

response = FaxResponse()
response.receive(media_type="image/tiff")

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::FaxResponse.new do |response|
  response.receive(media_type: "image/tiff")
end

puts response.to_s

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->receive(array( 'mediaType' => 'image/tiff' ));
  echo $response;
?>

This example shows that the media from the incoming fax will be stored on SignalWire's server in TIFF format.

<Reject>

The <Reject> verb tells SignalWire to reject an incoming fax, which results in a status of canceled.

Verb Attributes

The <Reject> verb does not have any attributes that modify its behavior.

Examples

Fax Reject

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
  <Reject/>
</Response>

const { RestClient } = require('@signalwire/node')
const response = new RestClient.LaML.FaxResponse()

response.reject()
console.log(response.toString())

<?php
  use SignalWire\LaML;
  $response = new LaML;

  $response->reject();
  echo $response;
?>

using Twilio.TwiML;
using System;


class Example
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var response = new FaxResponse();
        response.Reject();

        Console.WriteLine(response.ToString());;
    }
}

from signalwire.fax_response import FaxResponse, Reject

response = FaxResponse()
response.reject()

print(response)

require 'signalwire/sdk'

response = Signalwire::Sdk::FaxResponse.new do |response|
  response.reject
end

puts response.to_s

SignalWire will reject the incoming fax.

LaML XML Specification

What is LaML?

How LaML works

LaML Syntax

Response Element

Empty Response

Verbs

Voice Verbs

Messaging Verbs

Fax Verbs

Nouns

Data Formats

Dates and Times

Phone Numbers

Voice LaML

Overview

Request for LaML

Request Parameters

CallStatus Values

Responding to SignalWire

Status Callbacks

<Denoise>

Verb Attributes

Nesting

Examples

Enable Noise Reduction

Disable Noise Reduction

<Dial>

Verb Attributes

record Channels

Nouns

<Conference>

Noun Attributes

<Conference> Examples

A Simple Conference Call

A Moderated Conference Call

Start A Moderated Conference Call

Joining a Conference Call Muted (Monitor)

Coaching A Conference Call

Recording a Conference Call

Notes On Usage

<Number>

Noun Attributes

<Number> Examples

Dialing an Extension

Concurrent Phone Calls

Notes on Usage

<Sip>

Noun Attributes

<Sip> Examples

Dialing to a SIP Endpoint

Dialing to a SIP Endpoint With Authentication

Passing Custom Headers

Dialing a SIP Endpoint with Dial attributes

Notes on Usage

<Queue>

Noun Attributes

<Queue> Examples

Dialing a Queue

Bridging Out of a Queue

Examples

A Simple Dial

Dial a Number from a SignalWire Client

Mono-Channel Recording

Dual-Channel Recording for a Conference Call

<Echo>

Verb Attributes

Nesting

Examples

A simple echo test

<Enqueue>

Verb Attributes

Nouns

Nesting

Examples

A Simple Enqueue

Playing Wait Music

<Gather>

Verb Attributes

Nesting

`record` Channels